【作者】 陈敏；

【导师】 张祖陆；

【作者基本信息】 山东师范大学 ， 自然地理学， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 莱州湾南岸是我国地下咸水入侵的典型地区,在自然环境变化与人类活动的双重影响下,土地利用/土地覆被变化频繁,由此导致区域生态效应变化也十分明显。本文通过咸水入侵影响区上世纪90年代以来土地利用/覆被变化与生态服务价值变化的定量研究,揭示研究区咸水入侵影响的环境生态的变化,并为区域可持续发展提出建议。本文选取的莱州湾南岸咸水入侵影响区主要包括潍坊市的寿光、寒亭、昌邑三个行政区。本次研究以1992年、2000年、2004年三期遥感影像及各种非遥感数据为数据源,在ERDAS IMAGING、ArcMap的支持下,通过解译揭示了研究区土地利用变化状况。结果表明:1992～2004年,研究区各种土地利用类型的分布面积都发生了不同程度的变化,耕地分布面积最大,减少面积也较大,共减少6118.06 hm~2;北部沿海滩涂湿地面积减少也较大,是减少面积、幅度均最大的土地利用类型,共减少了17601.9 hm~2;盐田是研究区分布面积仅次于耕地的一种土地利用类型,12年来面积急剧增加;此外,居民点及建设用地面积较大,呈不断扩张的趋势;其他土地类型面积较小,林地、水域面积呈减少趋势,草地、未利用地面积有所增加。参考Constanza、谢高地等人的研究成果,结合研究区实际情况,本文对生态服务价值系数作了进一步修订,对研究区生态效应进行了分析。按照不同土地利用类型,对于生态系统服务价值的分析结果表明:滩涂湿地的生态服务价值最大,其次为耕地、盐田、水域、草地,林地、未利用地,居民点及建设用地的生态服务效应为负;按照各生态服务功能分析,废物处理>气候调节>水源涵养>食物生产>土壤形成与保护>娱乐文化>生物多样性保护>气体调节>原材料;1992～2004年,研究区生态系统总服务价值呈减少趋势。各种土地利用类型生态价值基本都有减少,其中以滩涂湿地的生态服务价值减少量最大,且减少幅度较大,对研究区生态服务价值的变化、发展起到了主导作用。其次,耕地、居民点及建设用地、草地、未利用地,盐田、水域、林地的价值均有所增加,但相对较少。各种生态系统服务类型的价值也减少;对于咸水区、过渡区而言,其生态服务价值差异较大,咸水区为过渡区的10.253倍,单位面积生态服务价值咸水区也比过渡区要大,但差异降低。更多还原

【Abstract】 The south coast of Lai-zhou Bay, which is one of the most typical areas of saltwater intrusion in China, is also a sensitive and occurring frequently region of the LUCC in the effect of the change of natural environment and human activities, and the ecological effect changes obviously. This article wants to reveal the changes of ecological environment in the areas of saltwater intrusion and give suggestion to regional sustainable development by quantitative study of the changes of land use/coverage and the ecological service value since last century 90’s.Saltwater intrusion area of the south coast of Lai-zhou Bay consists Shou-guang, Han-ting, Chang-yi of Wei-fang City in this article. According to the remote sensing image of 1992,2000,2004 and non- remote sensing date, The paper reveals the situation of land use change at the support of ERDAS IMAGING, ArcMap. The results show that: The areas of land use types have changed varying degree from 1992 to 2004.Farmland which have the largest area have higher reduction by 6118.06 hm~2; The beach wetland is the land use type that has the biggest reduction and amplitude and it reduces by 17601.9 hm~2;Salt field is smaller than farmland but its area increases rapidly in 10 years; In addition, the area of the settlement and construction land is larger and expend constantly; The other land use types is small. The area of woodland and waters reduced but grassland and unutilized land increased.According to the actual situation, the paper makes a further revision to the coefficient of ecological service value and analysis the ecological effect based on the research result of Constanza and Xie gaodi. According to the different types of land use, the analysis result of ecological service value shows that: The beach wetland has the highest ecological service value. Next is farmland, salt field, waters, grassland, woodland, unutilized land. The ecological service value of settlement and construction land is negative number. According to the different ecological service values, sorting the magnitude of the value as: waste treatment > climate regulation > water conservation > food production > soil formation and protection >amusement culture>biodiversity protection>gas regulation> material; The total ecological service value trends to reduce from 1992 to 2004. The ecological service value of every land use types reduce. The beach wetland which leads the development of the ecological service value of study area has the biggest decrement and range, next is farmland, settlement and construction land, grassland, unutilized land. The values of salt field, waters have a little increase. The values of every type of ecological service reduce also. The ecological service value has huge difference between salty-water region and transition region and the multiple of ecological service value of salty-water region is up to 10.253 relative to transition region. The average of ecological service value of the salty-water region is more than transition region’s, but the disparity is narrowing.更多还原