【作者】 米彩丽；

【导师】 李冀辉；

【作者基本信息】 河北师范大学 ， 有机化学， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 本论文回顾了磷片石墨、石墨层间化合物(可膨胀石墨)和膨胀石墨的结构和特点,以及近几年以磷片石墨为原材料制备石墨层间化合物和膨胀石墨的方法,以详实的实验数据介绍了膨胀石墨近年来在水体油污染、水体染料污染治理上的应用。同时,简要地回顾了纳米二氧化钛的制备,以及在水体污染治理上的应用。经过对比分析指出,尽管膨胀石墨具有较强的吸附功能,纳米二氧化钛具有较强的光催化降解功能,但是这两种材料在应用于水体污染治理过程中的作用均是单一的。因此,制备一种新的复合物材料,将膨胀石墨的吸附性能和纳米二氧化钛的光催化降解性能结合是十分必要的。本论文在我们研究室拥有完全独立知识产权的制备膨胀石墨负载的纳米二氧化钛复合材料的基础上,对现有的制备方法进行改造,引入超声波进一步简化制备工艺路线,首次发明了在超声波条件下制备膨胀石墨负载的纳米二氧化钛复合材料的新工艺。并对该复合物材料进行了扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、X-射线衍射的结构表征,这些表征说明该复合材料与我们以前制备的膨胀石墨负载的纳米二氧化钛复合材料具有相同的形貌和结构。另外,这种新方法也首次被证明不仅可以制备出含硫的膨胀石墨负载的纳米二氧化钛复合材料,还可以制备出不含硫的膨胀石墨负载的纳米二氧化钛复合材料。在研究过程中,我们以偶氮染料(甲基橙、活性艳红X-3B、酸性黄42~#、酸性红249、酸性媒介棕RH)的水溶液作为模拟废水,分别用不含硫的和含硫的膨胀石墨负载的纳米二氧化钛复合材料对上述废水样品进行实验。实验结果显示辐射源、膨胀石墨负载的纳米二氧化钛复合材料的用量、废水溶液的酸性、废水溶液的浓度和反应温度对模拟废水的脱色率有影响。尽管不含硫的和含硫的膨胀石墨负载的纳米二氧化钛复合材料都具有膨胀石墨的吸附能力和纳米二氧化钛的光催化降解能力,但是在上述影响因素上产生出来的脱色率是不同的。实验结果充分证明在超声波条件下制备的膨胀石墨负载的纳米二氧化钛复合材料具有较强的吸附和光催化降解的能力,也证明了含硫的和不含硫的膨胀石墨复合材料在处理模拟染料废水过程中的处理能力不一样,为应用膨胀石墨负载的纳米二氧化钛复合新材料处理实际染料废水提供了实验基础。在本论文的最后一章中,我们对膨胀石墨负载的纳米二氧化钛复合材料对模拟废水产生的吸附和光降解的机理进行了探讨,也获得了一些有意义的结论。相关的研究报告已经在国外Ultrasonics Sonochemistry(SIC影响因子2007年2.434)和国内核心期刊《非金属矿》上进行了报告。本论文要做的主要工作如下:1.以磷片石墨为原材料,利用超声波技术制备出膨胀石墨负载的纳米二氧化钛复合材料。2.用SEM、TEM、XRD等手段对该复合材料进行表征,获得它们的结构、形貌和表观性能的相关信息。3.利用膨胀石墨负载的纳米二氧化钛复合材料为吸附和光催化降解材料,研究其对部分偶氮染料的吸附和光催化降解性能。4.探讨膨胀石墨负载的纳米二氧化钛复合材料对偶氮染料的吸附和光催化降解作用的机理。更多还原

【Abstract】 This thesis reviews the structures and the characteristics of flake graphite,graphite intercalation compounds（GIC or expandable graphite） and expanded graphite（EG）;it looks back the development of which graphite intercalation compounds（GIC） and EG has been prepared by natural flake graphite as raw materials for recent years;it introduces the application of EG in dealing with oil-water pollution and dyes wastewater.Meanwhile,it also reviews the preparation and the application of nano-TiO₂ in dealing with wastewater. Although EG has a strong and adsorptive capability and nano-TiO₂ possesses a strong and photoeatalytic degradation function,all of them just plays a single role in the process of treating water pollution.Thereby,it is necessary to prepare nanometer TiO₂/exfoliated graphite composites（the nanometer composites） which have the adsorption capability produced by the surface area and nanometer aperture of EG（nano-EG） and the photocatalysis capability of the nanometer particles of TiO₂（nano-TiO₂） synchronously.In the thesis,in order to simplify the preparation technology further,the former method （the preparation of the exfoliated graphite inserting nano-TiO₂）,of which we have complete independent intellectual property,is used in the presence of the ultrasound irradiation. Therefore,the method to prepare the nanometer composites has been invented in the presence of ultrasound irradiation for the first time.Meanwhile,SEM,TEM and XRD have been also applied to characterize the structure,the mprphology and the relevant information of the nanometer composites,and they illuminate that the nanometer composites have the same structure and the morphology,comparing with our previous productions.In addition,it has proved that this new method can not only prepare the sulfur-containing nanometer composites but also the sulfur-free nanometer composites（Sulfur-flee meant that the reactants did not contain sulfur element in the process of preparation besides 320μm mesh of flake graphite contained itself）.Azo dyes（methyl orange,active brilliant red X-3B,acid yellow 42^#,acid red 249,acid mordant brown RH） aqueous solution have been used as a model compound in the process of the research.Sulfur-free and sulfur-containing nanometer composites have been apart applied to investigate the removal ratios of the aqueous solutions.The experiment results have exhibited that the removal ratios of the aqueous solutions are influenced by the irradiation sources,the dosages of the nanometer composites,the initial pH values,the initial solution concentrations and the reaction temperatures.All of them have adsorption capability of nano-EG and the photocatalysis capability of nano-TiO₂,but they possess the different adsorption capability and photocatalysis capability under the above conditions.The experiment results have proved well that nanometer composites prepared under ultrasound irradiation have the strong adsorption capability and the strong photocatalysis capability;they have still proved that sulfur-free and sulfur-containing nanometer composites have different capabilities in the process of dealing with azo dyes aqueous solution. Meanwhile,the results also establish an experimental basis for dealing with azo dye wastewater actually.In the last chapter,we have discussed the mechanism of the adsorption and photocatalytic degradation produced by nanometer composites for azo dye molecules,and some significative conclusions are obtained as well as.In addition,the papers related studies have been reported on the foreign journal:Ultrasonics Sonochemistry（2007,SCI,IF:2.434） and the domestic central journal:Non-Metallic Mines.Main contents in this thesis:1.Nano-TiO₂/exfoliated graphite composites have been prepared by flake graphite as raw materials to prepare in the presence of ultrasound irradiation.2.The structure,the morphology and the relevant information of nano-TiO₂/exfoliated graphite composites have been measured by SEM,XRD and TEM.3.The adsorption and photocatalysis capability of the nano-TiO₂/exfoliated graphite composites have been investigated in azo dyes aqueous solutions.4.The mechanism of the adsorption and photocatalytic degradation produced by nano-TiO₂/exfoliated graphite composites for azo dye has been discussed.更多还原