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中国大陆社会力量介入文化遗产事业管理经营问题初探
【作者】 齐敏；
【导师】 王建新；
【作者基本信息】 西北大学 ， 考古学及博物馆学， 2009， 硕士
【副题名】以秦公一号大墓博物馆为例
【摘要】 秦公一号大墓博物馆是中国大陆第一个由农民集资修建的遗址博物馆,是农民作为社会力量介入到文化遗产事业进行管理和经营的一次有开创性意义的尝试。博物馆从建馆到收归国有的7年间,农民作为社会力量在管理和经营这座有着极高历史、文化价值的文化遗产资源时,遇到了前所未有的挑战。首先是因为我国的文化遗产资源属国有性质,实行的是公有制管理,对社会力量参与方面的规定有所欠缺;其次是国家尚未出台关于社会力量介入文化遗产事业发展的法律法规和政策制度;也未形成与文化遗产直接相关的社会化、公众化的公共决策制度和基金制度;此外还有许多的因素制约了其发展。虽然秦公一号大墓博物馆因经营不善在2007年被收归国有,但其建立已经说明社会力量应该进入到中国的文化遗产管理和经营当中,因其介入可以为国家和政府减轻许多资金负担,弥补文化遗产保护方面的某些不足,也可为传播文化遗产的保护理念做出贡献。据此我国政府应制定专门的法律法规、完善相关的政策制度和程序、建立并完善社会文化基金项目,同时完善公众参与机制和决策机制,通过各种方式积极促进社会力量介入到文化遗产的管理和经营中来。
【Abstract】 The I Mausoleum museum of Qin Gong is the first sites of museum which built by Chinese mainland farmers, which has a pioneering significance in China’s museums history. During the country’s private to nationalize, they passed seven years which had a very long and hard history, and the farmers as a social force in the management and operation of this culture heritage which is full of high historical value and significance resources, they faced many of unprecedented challenges. First of all, because of cultural heritage resources in China belong to the state, the public ownership has the right to manage the heritage, there is no response for social forces to participate in the management and operation of the relevant laws and regulations; second is the that we have not yet introduced to the social forces involved in funding the development of cultural policies; third is without any direct public system in funds and decided for society; and many other factors made the works harder.Although the museum has been state-run in 2007 for the farmer’s obstructed-run, it had proved that social forces could enter into China’s cultural heritage to manage and operate it, because the social forces involved in helping the government to decrease the financial burden, and make a great contribution for disseminating the theory of preservation culture heritage, which would beneficial for protect the heritage. Our government should formulate specific laws and regulations, and improve related policies, and systems, and procedures, and improve the social and cultural fund projects to actively promote the cultural heritage of social forces involved in the management and operation. At the same time, the government should improve the mechanism for public participation and decision-making mechanism to better enable the social forces in the cause of the role of cultural heritage.