从村寨到学校

【作者】 何璇；

【导师】 滕星；

【作者基本信息】 中央民族大学 ， 中国少数民族教育， 2008， 硕士

【副题名】文化中断理论视角下的景颇族载瓦支学校教育民族志

【摘要】 景颇族是云南省特有少数民族之一,是德宏傣族景颇族自治州(以下简称德宏州)世居少数民族之一,同时也是一个跨境而居的民族。我国景颇族主要分布在德宏州的潞西、陇川、盈江、瑞丽等2市2县的半山半坝区,共12.89万人,占德宏州总人口的12.17%(2005年)。载瓦是景颇族众多支系中的一支,自称“小山”,人口占国内景颇族人口的一半以上。该支系主要分布在潞西市西山、东山、五岔路、中山、芒海、三台山;陇川县城子镇(原邦瓦乡)、拱瓦、清平、护国、拢把、王子树、章风、景罕;盈江县盏西、芒璋支那;瑞丽市户育、孟秀;梁河县的芒东等地的山区或半山区。载瓦支系有自己的语言,现行的载瓦文是中华人民共和国成立后创制的。本研究是一种基于村落的民族志考察,选取了位于云南省德宏州潞西市西南部的一个景颇族载瓦支村落——营盘村,关注的切入点是通过对营盘村的民族志描述,以当地小学为个案研究,对该校的过去与现状进行梳理,运用主客位的研究方法,结合当地人的视角综合分析了导致景颇族载瓦支学校教育低学业成就的原因,重点透过文化中断,探讨文化中断与景颇族载瓦支社区学生学业成就的关联,从而揭示“多元文化整合教育理论”是改善文化中断所产生的负面影响,提高当地学生学业成就的首要途径。论文主体分四个部分,第一个部分主要从人口分布和地理环境、居所建筑、生产方式、生活习俗、学校教育以及宗教信仰和传统节庆等方面对景颇族载瓦支社区一营盘村进行民族志描述,试图表明随着社会的变迁,营盘村还是一个典型的载瓦支传统社区,仍然带有浓厚景颇族传统文化色彩的社区文化生态。第二部分是以当地小学一营盘小学为个案研究,描述了学校在不同历史阶段的发展状况,特别是针对学校在20世纪80年代中期以后的发展状况进行了详细的介绍。第三部分主要运用主客位的研究方法,从当地人的视角出发探讨导致景颇族载瓦支学校教育发展滞后的众多原因。第四部分综合论述,重点透过文化中断,探讨文化中断与景颇族载瓦支社区学生学业成就的关联,认为因文化中断产生的负面影响是造成景颇族载瓦传统社区学生低学业成就的首要原因,在此基础上揭示“多元文化整合理论”是改善文化中断所产生的负面影响,提高当地学生学业成就的首要途径,并提出目前在景颇族载瓦支聚居地区实施载汉双语教学还是非常必要的。更多还原

【Abstract】 Jingpo nationality is unique and also is one of native ethnic minorities in Dai&Jingpo nationalities in Dehong Prefecture(hereinafter referred to Dehong Prefecture) in Yunnan Province, but also a cross-border ethnic minority. In China’s Dehong prefecture, Jingpo mainly distributed in the Mid-level & semi-dam area of Luxi, Longchuan, Yingjiang, Ruili City, a total of 128900, representing the total population of Dehong prefecture 12.17% (2005). Zaiwa is one of the many branches in Jingpo, called "Xiao Shan", representing more than half of the total population of domestic Jingpo. This lineage mainly distributed in the Luxi City of Xishan, Dongshan, five fork in the road, Zhongshan, Manghai, Santaishan, the Longchuan county of Chenzi town (formerly Bangwa Township), Gongwa, Qingping, Huguo, Longba, Wangzishu, Zhangfeng, Jinhan, the Yingjiang County of Zhanxi, Mangzhangzhina, the Ruili City of huyu, Mengxiu and Lianghe County of ManDon , ect. Zaiwa has their own language, the current Zaiwa Writing was created by the Chinese Communist Party.This study is a more Ethnographic Study that is based on villages selected Zaiwa Village-Yingpan, southwest of Luxi City in Dehong Prefecture of Yunnan Province, is the starting point of concern through the village of Ying Pan Ethnography described, studies the local primary schools for case and the school’s past and present situation in order, uses the subject and object research methods comprehensive analysis of the reasons of leading Zaiwa of Jingpo school education for low academic achievement with a local perspective. This study focus on through cultural discontinuity and discusses correlation of cultural discontinuity and Zaiwa academic achievement of students, which revealed "Multicultural Integration Education Theory" is the primary ways of improving the negative impact of cultural discontinuity and academic achievement of local students.The dissertation is divided into four parts, with one part of the zaiwa village of Yingpan ethnography described from population distribution and geographical environment, housing construction, production, living habits, school education, as well as religious beliefs and traditional festivals, etc. With regard to that of social change, Yingpan Village is a typical traditional communities are still with a strong Jingpo traditional culture and ecological communities. The second major part of the local primary schools - Yingpan for the primary case study, describes the history of schools in different stages of development, particularly presents detailed situation for schools in the 20th century after the mid-1980s.The third part mainly make use of the subject and object of research methods, comprehensive analysis of the many reasons of leading Zaiwa of Jingpo school education lags behind the development with a local perspective. PartⅣis comprehensive exposition, focus on cultural discontinuity and discusses correlation of cultural discontinuity and Zaiwa academic achievement of students, the negative impact caused by cultural discontinuity is considered Zaiwa low academic achievement of students of primary reasons, revealed "Multicultural Integration Education Theory" is the primary ways of improving the negative impact of cultural discontinuity and academic achievement of local students, and raised in carrying out Zai-Han bilingual teaching in Zaiwa village is still very necessary.更多还原