【作者】 谢克辉；

【导师】 申福林；

【作者基本信息】 长安大学 ， 车辆工程， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 悬架是现代汽车的重要总成之一,悬架性能的好坏对汽车行驶平顺性、乘坐舒适性、操纵稳定性等多种使用性能都有很大的影响。其中空气弹簧悬架以其具有可变的刚度特性、理想的频率特性等优点,极大地改善了汽车的使用性能。随着计算机技术、多体系统动力学和室内模拟试验技术的发展,为汽车悬架性能分析和结构分析试验提供了强有力的工具。本文首先论述了空气弹簧悬架以及车辆动力学仿真技术在国内外发展、应用的历史及现状,概述了多体动力学理论,介绍了基于该理论的ADAMS软件的主要模块和软件的特点;分析空气悬架各主要组成部分的结构型式及其弹性特性、频率特性、阻尼特性对整车性能的影响。随后以某国际知名品牌的大客车前二气囊空气悬架总成为研究对象,通过室内道路环境模拟系统(MTS)对悬架总成在垂直动载下的动态试验,得到了大客车前二气囊空气悬架总成的动态特性和气囊支座受力的受力情况。最后利用UG软件建立前二气囊空气悬架模型,利用ADAMS软件建立前二气囊空气悬架简化仿真模型,分析前轮定位参数;进而建立1:1仿真模型分析减振器受力及对悬架的影响,同时分析减振器受力,以及工作时减震器水平夹角随悬架振动的变化;利用有限元分析软件ANSYS对空气悬架中的关键部件—空气弹簧上支座进行结构强度分析和模态分析。通过试验、模拟仿真和有限元分析证明:该悬架具有较好的弹性特性;悬架中减振器初始角度布置满足力学要求;悬架的空气弹簧上支座满足结构强度要求、符合悬架的振动频率要求。更多还原

【Abstract】 The suspension is one of the main components of modern automobiles. It influences the ride comfort,drive smooth and control stability and so on. Variable rigidity and perfect inherent frequency of air suspension has greatly improved the using performance of automobiles. With the development of the technique of computers, the multi- body dynamics and technique of the simulation in the room provide powerful tools for analyzing of automobile suspensions capability and analyzing test of the configuration.First the paper reviewed the development,present state of air suspensions and vehicle dynamics simulation technology in and aboard,summarized the multi-body dynamics theory,and introduced the main parts and characters of the software ADAMS,which based on the theory, analyzed the configuration form of main components structure of form of air suspension,and their influences of the rigidity characteristics,the frequency characteristic,the damping characteristic on the automobile performance. Later based the study project on a bus with the front suspension assembly with two air chamber of a international famous name brand, the dynamic characteristic have been got, with the vertical dynamic test of the load circumstance simulation system in the room. At last the model of the front suspension was made by using the software-UG. The simple model of the front suspension had been made with the software-ADAMS, which analyzes the front wheel orientation parameter. The model of 1:1 analyzes the force of the absorber and influence on the suspension, and analyzes the angle between the absorber and horizontal line.The paper made structure intensity analysis and simulation configuration to the key component of suspension-Air spring upper bracket with the finite element analysis software-ANSYS,provided the guidance of further improvement of the structure.The analysis of the test, the simulation emulation and the finite element, proves that the elasticity of suspension is preferable. The initialization angle of absorber satisfies the mechanics request. Air spring upper bracket satisfies the configuration intensity request and accords with vibration frequency of the suspension.更多还原