【作者】 张卿；

【导师】 刘发央； 马月辉；

【作者基本信息】 甘肃农业大学 ， 野生动植物保护与利用， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究利用滩羊与小尾寒羊杂交的8个父系半同胞参考家系共576个个体,分析了绵羊基因组3号染色体上13个微卫星标记的等位基因频率、多态信息含量和群体杂合度,构建了3号染色体遗传连锁框架图谱,采用差异群体设计对影响滩羊10个表型性状的数量性状位点进行了检测研究,表型性状包括:初生重、二毛期活重、初生毛长、初生弯曲数、肩部弯曲数、股部弯曲数、毛股花穗类型、毛股紧实度、花案清晰度、弯曲比例。所选的微卫星标记在参考群体中平均检测到11个(5~20个)等位基因,平均多态信息含量为0.5778 ( 0.2042~0.8320 ),群体杂合度平均值为0.5951(0.2094~0.8459)。13个标记中有9个呈现高度多态性,2个呈现中度多态性,2个呈现低度多态性,为该群体分子水平上的研究提供了可靠的依据。构建的滩羊第3号染色体遗传连锁框架图总长度为466.7cM,标记平均间距为38.9cM,其中标记ILSTS049与CSRD264间距最大,为65.6cM,而BM2830和MCMA13间距最小,为4.9cM。图谱中13个标记的顺序与美国USDA-MARC和英国罗斯林研究所公布的SM4.7最新绵羊连锁图相同,但大部分标记间距大于后两者。对参考群体中161个后代的10个重要性状的表型资料进行了分析。相关分析的结果表明初生重与初生毛长、初生弯曲数、二毛期活重、股部弯曲数间呈极显著正相关;初生毛长与初生弯曲数、花案清晰度间呈极显著正相关,与二毛期活重、肩部弯曲数、股部弯曲数呈显著正相关;初生弯曲数与花案清晰度、肩部弯曲数、股部弯曲数、弯曲比例呈极显著正相关,与毛股紧实度呈显著正相关;花案清晰度与弯曲比例呈极显著正相关;花穗类型与肩部弯曲数呈极显著正相关,与股部弯曲数呈显著正相关;毛股紧实度与肩部弯曲数、股部弯曲数、弯曲比例呈极显著正相关;肩部弯曲数与股部弯曲数、弯曲比例呈极显著正相关;股部弯曲数与弯曲比例呈显著正相关。方差分析结果表明家系(即公羊效应)对花案清晰度和毛股紧实度的影响不显著、对花穗类型影响显著之外对其余7个性状影响均极显著。最小二乘分析结果表明10个性状中除花案清晰度、毛股紧实度和花穗类型在各家系间差异不显著之外,其它各个性状在家系间存在不同程度的差异。10个表型性状的QTL检测分析结果表明:QTL Express软件检测到了两个QTL区域,花案清晰度的QTL和花穗类型的QTL,但二者均未达到显著水平,未检测到明显的有关其他性状的QTL。更多还原

【Abstract】 A referencing flock comprising eight paternal half-sib families totaling 576 individuals from population produced Tan sheep crossing with Small Tailed Han sheep was utilized to build a framework linkage map of the 3rd chromosome. Thirteen microsatellites were selected and genotyped; then allele frequency, polymorphism information content and heterozygosity of these markers were computed within the experimental group. Phenotypic data of ten traits, namely birth weight, weight at the time of kivskin, length of wool at birth, numbers of plait crimps of wool at shoulder and thigh, definition of plait crimps of wool and so on.The average number of alleles, average PIC and average heterozygosis of micro satellites were 11(from 5 to 20), 0.5778(from 0.2042 to 0.8320) and 0.5951(0.2094~ 0.8459) respectively. And nine markers were high polymorphic, two were middle and two were low, those could substantially guarantee the reliability of the result of the research.The sex average linkage map of the 3rd chromosome of Tan sheep was constructed by Crimap(2.4). The complete length of the map was 466.7cM, which had an average marker interval of 38.9cM as well as the maximum and minimum interval of 65.6cM and 4.9cM. Besides that, the sequence of loci was coincident with the USDA-MARC and SM4.7(ARKdb) ovine map, however most marker intervals were larger than the latter two.Phenotypes of ten traits were handled statistically by SAS6.12 in the 161 progenies. The“corr”consequence revealed the significant correlation between several traits, weight and wool length, wool length and numbers of plait crimps of wool, numbers of plait crimps of wool and ratio of flexural on wool, and so on. Meanwhile, the“GLM”result demonstrated sire factor has robust influence on birth weight, length of wool at birth, numbers of plait crimps of wool at shoulder and thigh, ratio of flexural on wool.The QTL mapping was accomplished through interval mapping. A software named QTL Express was applied to analyze simultaneously. A putative QTL affecting definition of plait crimps of wool and another putative QTL affecting type of flower of wool were detected, but both of them have no significant.更多还原