环太湖流域史前陶釜研究

【作者】 俞嘉馨；

【导师】 高蒙河；

【作者基本信息】 复旦大学 ， 考古学及博物馆学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 釜,是一种用于炊煮食物的日常生活用陶器,新石器时期早期黄河流域与长江流域均已出现。其使用方式主要是三个活动的支脚加上陶釜,以实用功能为主,是中国史前东部文化区域的代表性器物。在陶釜兴衰演进过程中,长江下游的陶釜自成特色,与黄河流域、长江中游的釜型相区别。以环太湖流域腰檐釜和宁绍平原带脊釜为代表,在弧腹釜和筒形釜的类别上又呈现出区域性差异,成为划分这一地区早期考古学文化分区的最重要遗存,并可能与不同地理环境下的资源利用情况有关。特别是近年来,在太湖北部和西部地区无锡彭祖墩、江阴祁头山、宜兴骆驼墩、溧阳神墩等遗址所出陶釜,成为在源头和空间上丰富了陶釜形制多样性的新资料。随着考古学的发展,陶釜作为环太湖流域最具代表性的炊器,盛行于马家浜文化时期,随着鼎的出现逐渐势微。主要表现为在其流行的一千多年的时间里,环绕太湖各个地区,陶釜的形制因时因地而有所不同,又各显示出自己的特点,并形成独特群体。陶釜与农业起源相伴,和同时代其他陶器相比,是一种反映时代和地域特点的炊器。陶釜虽然形制相对简单,但各地所出多有不同,表现出彼此间的共性与差异。因此,结合陶釜所出遗址的相对年代关系与绝对年代数据,我们认为环太湖流域新石器时代早期陶釜出于多源,传播路径的大势呈顺时针方向,与史前自然地理环境的变化密切相关。本文试图在长江下游环太湖流域包括江苏境内长江以南的太湖左近,上海市及浙北部分地区,对这一区域内各遗址出土的史前陶釜的分布、形制及彼此间相互关系,以及各型陶釜关系等问题进行研究探讨,进而对陶釜的流传、作用、制法等做必要的研究和讨论。从而揭示环太湖流域各遗址间的相互关系,使这一区域的史前文化面貌更为清晰。更多还原

【Abstract】 Fu, is a kind of ancient pottery used for cooking in ancient’ people’ daily life, which had been existed from the early period of the Neolithic Age, and made its first appearance in the Yellow River catchment and Yangtze River catchment. It used to be the representative vessel in the east culture area of ancient China. The primary way of using fu is putting tripod under it, based on the practical function. During the origin, variation and distribution, the ancient pottery fu is famous for its style in the Lower Valley of the Yangtze River, which is different from the style in Yellow River catchment and the Middle Yangtze River catchment. Yao-yan fu around Tai Lake and Dai-ji fu in Nishao Campagna are the significant prehistoric finds for archaeological cultures distribution in this area, which can be classified into curved belly fu and cylindrical belly fu, present different region types. And this would have relevance to resource using under different geographical environment. Especially during the recent years, pottery fu which we discoveried in Pengzudun of Wuxi, Qitoushan of Jiangyin, Luotuodun of Yixing, Shendun of Liyang and so on. All of these prehistoric finds add the fu’s datum from the origin and space level.Along with the archaeological development, as being the representative kitchen around Tai Lake, pottery fu prevail in Majiabang culture and decline step by step after pottery ding appearance. Over this period, all over the areas around Tai Lake, pottery fu can be classified different shapes by period and location specifically as well as presented characteristic themselves. And form their idiographic type. Fu have a close relationship with agriculture development, it is a kitchen reflected characteristic of times and region compares with other kinds of kitchen at the same time.Although the shapes of pottery fu is simple relatively, showed various variety in different places, contained commonness and diversity with each other. Therefore, combine with the archaeological site’s relative dates and absolute dates, we consider that the pottery fu’s origin involved several archaeological sites at early Neolithic Ages around Tai Lake. And the direction of transmittal was clockwise, got a consanguineous relationship with the changes of prehistoric physical geography and environment. This research is based on discussing the distributing, shapes and correlation of prehistoric pottery fu, do the essential investigation about function, facture and influence, etc. Consequently make a legible picture about the relationships among each historical site and the prehistoric culture appearance around Tai Lake catchment.更多还原