【作者】 王瑞；

【导师】 张炳义；

【作者基本信息】 沈阳工业大学 ， 电机与电器， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 无需减速机直接驱动的低速电机是研究节能型抽油机领域的热点之一。这种无需减速机的抽油机的研究具有重要的科学意义和实用价值。国内对于无需减速机的抽油机的研究尚处于起步阶段。本文分析了新型无齿轮曳引式抽油机的机械结构,根据抽油机系统的主要功能和技术指标,提出了低速大转矩稀土永磁同步电动机的技术要求。该电机采用SPWM变频电源供电,直接带动曳引轮曳引抽油杆和配重,完成抽油做功。不需要机械减速机构,使得新型无齿轮曳引式抽油机的机械结构变得非常简单,大大减轻了繁重的日常维护工作,使系统的可靠性也大为增高。而且由于没有了减速机构,从而没有了相应的机械损耗,较大地提高了系统的机械传动效率。另一方面,由于使用了高效的永磁同步电动机,减少了电机损耗,也提高了系统的总体效率。本文利用Matlab计算软件编制程序计算油田抽油机用20kW低速大转矩稀土永磁同步电动机的设计方案,然后应用Maxwell2D二维电磁场有限元分析软件,对永磁同步电动机进行了磁场分析,分析了它们在空载时的反电动势、气隙磁密。本文对抽油机变频控制系统采用机电一体化设计,以PLC作为控制核心,通过变频器控制低速大转矩永磁同步电动机调速。本文研究了电动机转速控制模式,解决了抽油机换向时的机械冲击问题,减少机械磨损。设计了抽油机变频控制系统的PID闭环控制,实现了冲程、冲次、上下冲程时间在额定范围内连续可调,使该抽油机适用于不同工况的油井。对新型无齿轮曳引式抽油机变频控制系统进行了实验。实验的结果表明所设计的变频控制系统是正确的,控制方法是可行的,为该抽油机控制系统的硬件参数设计提供了良好的理论依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 One of focus points that study the energy-efficient field of pumping unit is the low speed electric motor which does not need the low speed organization direct drive. This kind of research of the pumping unit of organization has important scientific meaning and practical value. Domestic for this kind of pumping unit is in yet to start stage.This paper has analyzed the mechanical structures of novel gearless traction pumping unit, according to technical index and the major function of the system of pumping unit, also introduced the technical requirements of low speed and high torque PMSM. This generator supplies power with the SPWM power source of frequency conversion directly drives the drag of driving sheave to draw sucker rod and matches weight, being completed to take out oil demerit. This generator which does not need mechanical deceleration organization can make new the mechanical structure of novel gearless traction machine of pumping unit become very simple, have alleviated heavy daily maintenance work greatly, and increase systematic reliability considerably. Since having not slowed down structure, organization has no corresponding mechanical wastage, has raised systematic mechanical transmission efficiency greatly. On the other hand, because use high efficiency PMSM, the generator has reduced generator wastage and also enhanced the system overall efficiency.This paper uses Matlab calculation software establishment program to calculate the design scheme of oil field pumping unit with the 20kW low speed and high torque PMSM, then applies the Maxwell 2D two-dimensional finite element analysis software of electromagnetic field to carry out the analysis of magnetic field for PMSM, and has analyzed them in no load turn over electromotive force and the magnetism of air gap dense.This paper adopts electromechanical integration design for the control system of pumping unit of frequency conversion, PLC is the control core. This design realizes motor frequency control through control frequency converter. This paper has studied the motor control pattern of rotational speed, solved the mechanical impact problem in the inverting of pumping unit, and reduced mechanical wear. The PID closed-loop control for frequency conversion control system of pumping unit has been designed for realizing stroke, rush and about stroke time continuously adjustable in specified scope, this makes the pumping unit apply to the different operating mode oil well.The modeling and the simulation has been carried out to the novel gearless traction type pumping unit control system. The simulation result indicates that the model establishment is correct, the control method is feasible, these have offered good theoretical basis for this generator control systematic hardware parameter designs.更多还原