【作者】 宋世晶；

【导师】 周家顺；

【作者基本信息】 中国石油大学 ， 有机化学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 由于辽河稠油粘度高、密度大,流动性很差,给其开采和输送带来了很大困难。通过开发流动性改进剂解决稠油生产过程中的流动性难题,具有重要的价值。本文在对油溶性降粘剂的机理进行了总结和探索的基础上,针对辽河稠油胶质、沥青质含量高的特点,设计出两种油溶性降粘剂。其作用是拆散胶质沥青质的重叠层状结构,使轻质组分从原来的包裹网络中释放出来而降粘。利用自制的丙烯酸十八酯与苯乙烯、马来酸酐等单体通过溶液聚合的方法合成了两种油溶性聚合物丙烯酸十八酯-苯乙烯-马来酸酐和丙烯酸十八酯-苯乙烯-丙烯酰胺。本研究成功的制备出可用于合成降粘剂的丙烯酸十八酯和两种油溶性聚合物。探讨了单体酯的制备条件,考察了聚合反应温度、引发剂加量、催化剂用量、反应物的配比等条件对聚合物的降粘性能的影响。结果表明:所合成的降粘剂具有良好的降粘效果。降粘剂加入量为500μg·g-1时,以煤油携带该降粘剂在50℃使辽河稠油的表观粘度下降94%以上,聚合物的净降粘率达到了34.7%,改善了辽河稠油的流动性。研究了通过借助少量的乳化剂,形成介于O/W和W/O之间的乳状液,利用乳化降粘和溶解降粘的双重作用降低稠油的粘度。探讨了降粘剂的加入量、加入温度和乳化剂的加入量等因素对降粘效果的影响。在油水比为8:2;降粘剂加量为600μg·g-1;表面活性剂加量为0.1%时,以水为携带液溶解油溶性聚合物的复合降粘方法,使辽河稠油的粘度降低99%以上。实验结果表明,采用乳化降粘和油性降粘剂降粘相结合的方法,既可减少稀油的掺入量,又能达到很好的降粘效果。以煤油为携带液考察所合成的两种降粘剂对辽河常压渣油的降粘效果。实验表明,两种聚合物对辽河常压渣油都有一定的降粘效果。因此,开发油溶性降粘剂用于渣油的降粘,改善渣油流动性,对有效利用渣油有重要意义。最后,通过红外光谱和气相色谱对所合成的丙烯酸十八酯和两种聚合物进行分析,分析表明合成的酯产品中基本没有其它的副产物。红外光谱表征了单体酯和聚合物中各种官能团的存在。更多还原

【Abstract】 High viscosity, high density and poor flowability of Liaohe heavy oil brought great difficulties to the production and transportation of the crude oil. It has important value to improve its flow behavior in production process by developing various chemical flow improves. On the basis of summarization and exploration of the mechanism of oil-soluble viscosity reducer, two viscosity reducer which aims to Liaohe heavy oil’s character were designed. The viscosity reducer effection is separating the resin and asphalt from layer structure and liberating liquid component which is packed by viscous crude oil. This essay selected higher acrylic ester, maleic anhydride and styrene which acted as monomers of polymerization for making copolymeric viscosity reducers. The effects of temperature, initiator dosage, catalyst dosage, reacting time and the proportion of reaction on the viscosity reduction of the products were studied. The results showed that the product had good effect on viscosity reduction. Adding kerosene with the viscosity reducer of 500μg·g-1 to Liaohe heavy oil , its apparent viscosity dropped 94% at 50℃, the net viscosity reduction rate was 34.7%. It showed that the flowability of crude oil could be improved by adding viscosity reducer.Intermediate emulsion which was between water-in-oil and oil-in-water emulsion was formed by adding the oil-soluble flow improver, the viscosity of crude oil was reduced by emulsified viscosity reducer and polymer viscosity reducer. This particular type of emulsion gives a lower viscosity and exhibits the state. In this specified flow system, the correlation of emulsification and dissolution will immensely cut down the viscosity of crude. The adding amount, adding temperature and dosage of emulsifier were the primary factors which affected the viscosity reduction. The viscosity of Liaohe heavy oil decreased at least 99% by this method. Experimental results showed that the method combining emulsifier and oil-soluble viscosity reducer not only decreased the adding dosage of kerosene, but also had better effect.Experiments results showed that the two types of polymer had effection on the viscosity reduction of Liaohe residue. So the development of oil-soluble viscosity reducer to improve flowability of the residue and effective use of residue was important.Finally, higher acrylic ester and two types of polymer by infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatography were analyzed. Result showed that the ester product had no other by-products. It was proved by using infrared ray graph that all kinds of groups existed in 18 acrylic ester and polymer.更多还原