【作者】 任永林；

【导师】 周定刚；

【作者基本信息】 四川农业大学 ， 水产养殖， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 为探明紫锥菊提取物对鲤鱼抗病促生长作用,以240尾鲤鱼作为实验动物,在其日粮中按0mg/kg、1000mg/kg、2000mg/kg和4000mg/kg的不同比例添加紫锥菊提取物,经过30d的饲养,测定鲤鱼的相对生长率、增重、饵料系数、摄食量和成活率,在生长实验完成后进行攻毒实验,测定其保护率,确定紫锥菊提取物对鲤鱼生长性能和抗病力的影响。在饲料中分别添加0mg/kg、1000mg/kg、2000mg/kg和4000mg/kg的紫锥菊提取物投喂480尾鲤鱼35d,分别在第7d、第14d、第21d、第28d和35d测定鲤鱼血清溶菌酶,血清总蛋白,血清白蛋白,白细胞吞噬率和血清中的免疫球蛋白(IgM、IgG和IgA);35d后分别测定紫锥菊提取物对鲤鱼血清、肾脏、肝脏和肌肉中的AKP、ACP、SOD和MDA的影响。生长实验结果显示:各试验处理组除对鲤鱼成活率和摄食量的影响不大外,对增重、饵料系数和相对生长率都有不同程度的作用。免疫结果表明:血清总蛋白、白蛋白、溶菌酶、白细胞吞噬率和吞噬指数均是在21d或28d后与对照组相比才出现明显的变化,其中试验1组(1000mg/kg)和试验2组(2000mg/kg)的血清总蛋白含量在第21d较对照组有所升高;28d后吞噬率较对照组显著提高(P＜0.01),而吞噬指数在不同时间与对照组相比呈现出不同的显著水平;就血清中免疫球蛋白IgA而言,在整个试验周期内各个试验组与对照组之间均未出现明显差异,而且在35d后,试验3组(4000mg/kg组)的含量还低于对照组(P＞0.05)。而IgM的含量仅在28d和35天后试验1组(1000mg/kg)和2组(2000mg/kg)极显著高于对照组(P＜0.01)。试验2组的IgG水平(2000mg/kg)分别在试验21d和35d开始有明显变化,且分别达到显著(P＜0.05)和极显著水平(P＜0.01)。在未添加紫锥菊提取物的对照组,血清、肌肉、肝脏和肾脏中的AKP、ACP、SOD的活力各不相同;添加紫锥菊提取物后,对组织中各项酶活力的影响各异,各个试验组对肌肉和肾脏中AKP酶活力均较对照组极显著升高(P＜0.01),2000mg/kg组肝脏中AKP酶活力较对照组极显著升高(P＜0.01),血清中只有2000mg/kg组的AKP酶活力显著高于对照组(P＜0.01);肾脏和血清中仅2000mg/kg组的ACP的酶活力较对照组显著升高(P＜0.01),其它两个剂量组与对照组相比差异没有显著变化(P＞0.05),而肌肉中各个处理组的ACP酶活力与对照组相比显著增加(P＜0.01);血清和肌肉中仅见4000mg/kg组的SOD活力的升高水平与对照组达到显著差异(P＜0.01),肝脏中的各个实验组的SOD活力均高于对照组(P＜0.01),肾脏中的2000mg/kg和4000mg/kg两个剂量组的SOD活力与对照组相比显著提高(P＜0.01);在血清中2000mg/kg和4000mg/kg剂量组MDA的含量与对照组相比显著下降(P＜0.01),肝脏中仅见2000mg/kg组MDA的含量较对照组显著下降(P＜0.01),肾脏中2000mg/kg和4000mg/kg两个剂量组的MDA含量显著下降(P＜0.01),而肌肉中的各个实验组的MDA的含量均低于对照组(P＜0.01)。攻毒实验表明,紫锥菊提取物能有效增强鲤鱼对嗜水气单胞菌的抵抗能力,各个实验组相比对照组显示出良好的免疫保护作用。通过本次试验结果可以证实,紫锥菊提取物能有效的提高鲤鱼生长性能、免疫功能和对嗜水气单胞菌的抵抗能力。因此,紫锥菊提取物可作为一种优良的中草药免疫增强剂应用于养殖中,建议添加剂量(有效成分5%)为2000mg/kg左右。更多还原

【Abstract】 Cyprinus carpio L(carp) were used for examining the echinacea purpurea extract as a feed additive on their performances effect.Two hundred and fourty carps were randomly individed into 4 groups.In this 4 groups,the one is control,the group 1、group 2 and group 3 are supplied with 0 mg/kg(control) Echinacea purpurea extract、1000mg/kg Echinacea purpurea extract,2000mg/kg Echinaceapurpurea extract and 4000mg/kg Echinacea purpurea extract.At the end of 30-d feeding trial,determine the relative growth rate(RGR)、adding-weight、feed coefficient rate(FCR)、ingestion apprtite and survival rate.Aider the performance trial examined carp resistance against the infection from Aeromonas hydrophila.To determine the effects of echinacea purpurea extract on the innate immune response of Cyprinus carpio L(carp),fish were fed diets containing 0(control)、1000mg/kg,2000mg/kg and 4000mg/kg Echinaceapurpurea extract,for 7,14,21,28 and 35days.Lysozyme,blood leucocyte phagocytica ctivity,serum albumin,serum total protein and serum immunoglobulin (including IgM,IgG and IgA) were studied at each of the assay times.After 40 days,the AKP、ACP、SOD and MDA in tissues including serum、liver、kinder and muscel were detected.The results showed that the survival rate and FCR had no enhancement of every group in performance trial,meanwhile the Lysozyme,blood leucocyte phagocytica ctivity,serum albumin,serum total protein were variation after 21 or 28 days;immunoglobulin IgA had no change in whole trial cycle,the contents of IgM had significant difference(P＜0.01) after 28 and 35 days and IgG of 2000mg/kg group had significant difference in 21 and 35 days.Compared with the control group,the echinacea purpurea extract had a good effect for the AKP、ACP、SOD activitys and MDA contents.The infection trial result showed the echinacea purpurea extract had a good effect on the carp resistance against the infection from Aeromonas hydrophila.The trial results indicated echinacea purpurea extract could enhanced the growth performance and anti-diseases effect.It is a superordinary additive on aquatic.For the immunomodulatory efect of echinaceapurpurea extract and take the economy and efficiency into account,it is suggested that the feasible dosage was about 2000mg/kg.更多还原