【作者】 孟令峰；

【导师】 齐桂年；

【作者基本信息】 四川农业大学 ， 茶学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 茉莉花是一种天然高级香料植物。茉莉花渣是茉莉鲜花经过花茶窨制失去一小部分的花香后风干花朵,通常作为废料处理。花茶窨制过程中,茶叶仅吸收茉莉花中的芳香物质的一部分。花渣中仍存在大量有价值的芳香物质和微量元素,仍然有很大的利用价值。当今花茶产业带来数量可观的茉莉花渣,前人虽然对其开发利用作过一些研究,但实际效果并不理想。本试验以茉莉花渣为对象,研究了茉莉花渣黄酮提取物清除O₂^-·的能力、抗油脂氧化的能力及抑菌活性;研究了茉莉花渣黄酮提取条件的优化,其结果为:试验采用索氏提取器回流法对茉莉花渣总黄酮含量进行测定。以芦丁为标准品制作其标准曲线,在试验范围内吸光度合芦丁浓度呈良好的线性关系,回归方程为A=2.7025C-0.0289,相关系数R²=0.9996。结果表明:茉莉花渣总黄酮的含量为5.44%。通过茉莉花渣黄酮热水浸提和70%乙醇溶液浸提比较试验,结果表明:70%乙醇溶液更有利于黄酮的浸出。采用有机溶剂萃取法对总黄酮进行提取纯化,得到总黄酮含量为21.5%粗提物,并且通过颜色反应初步定性判断出提取物主要为黄酮类和黄酮醇类化合物。茉莉花渣黄酮的抗氧化试验表明:黄酮提取物有很强的清除O₂^-·能力,并且随着黄酮浓度的增加清除O₂^-·能力明显增强;茉莉花渣黄酮还有很强的抗油脂氧化能力,0.1%黄酮的抗油脂氧化能力强于0.1%抗坏血酸;0.3%黄酮的抗油脂氧化能力明显强于0.1%、0.2%黄酮。所以随着总黄酮浓度的增加,抗油脂氧化能力明显增强。茉莉花渣黄酮的抑菌活性试验表明:黄酮粗提物对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌有很强抑制能力,说明茉莉花渣总黄酮提取物具有很强的抑菌活性。运用四因素二次回归正交旋转设计方案研究了温度、时间、乙醇浓度、料液比对茉莉花渣总黄酮浸出率的影响。试验通过贡献率法计算表明:在试验范围内各因子对黄酮浸出率的作用大小依次为温度＞乙醇浓度＞料液比＞时间;数学回归模型通过降维分析可知在试验范围内温度和时间、温度和乙醇浓度、乙醇浓度和料液比处于较高水平时,黄酮的浸出率明显增加,并且两者之间有显著的一致作用;频率分析得到浸提液浓度大于4.56%的方案为:温度77.84～79.04℃,时间86.22～97.40min,乙醇浓度79.22～83.43%,料液比1:31.51～1:34.40;所建立的数学回归模型在试验范围内能较准确的预测黄酮浸出率。更多还原

【Abstract】 Jasmine is a sort of senior spiceberry.Jasmine flower residue is flower which lost fragrance by fumigating scented tea and it was made to waste materials.The tea only absorb a part of fragrance of jasmine flower on fumigating.There are containing a great deal valuable sweet-scanted materials and micreelement and are great value in use.Modern industry of scented tea brings ahout a large amount of flower dregs.Till now some experiments have been conducted to promote its comprehensive utilization,the result is not ideal.Jasminum flavonoids was-mainly studied in the experiment.Extractive optimum condition of Total flavonoids in Jasmine flower residue were probed into.Anti-oxidation and Bacteriostasic activity of Total flavonoids in Jasmine flower residue were reviewed.The conclusion was educed by a series of experiment.The content of total flavonoids in Jasmine flower residue was mensurated by circumfluence.The standard curve was made.there was a good linear relation shipwith R²= 0.9996 between the absorbance and the concentration of rutin.It was showed that the content of total flavonoids in Jasmine flower residue was 54.45 mg/g.By means of extracting using organic impregnant,the extravtive that contained 21.5%flavonoid was got,and it contained flavone and flavonol by identifying using color reaction.The experimentation showed that total flavonoids extractive had the ability to clear O₂^-·and the ability was obviously increased when concentration of total flavonoids extractive was increased.Total flavonoids extractive showed distinct anti-oxidative activity in lard emulsion.The anti-oxidative activity of 0.1%extractive was stronger than 0.1% vitamin C.The anti-oxidative activity of 0.3%extractive was stronger than The anti-oxidative activity of 0.1%and 0.2%.So the anti-oxidative ability in lard emulsion was obviously increased when concentration of total flavonoids extractive was increased.Bacteriostasic experiment of total flavonoids was showed that the flavonoids have obvious bacteriostatic bioactivities against Staphyloccocus aureus Rosenbach and Escherichia coli.ti was shouwed that Total flavonoids in jasmine flower residue had obviously Bacteriostatic activity.The result showed that 70%alcohol solution was more propitious for extractiving of flavonoids by extractive experiment hot water with 70%alcohol solution.By means of orthogonally rotational combination design,a four-factor（temperature,time,concentration in alcohol,ratio between materials and water）substrate cultivation experiment was conducted by using Jasmine flower residue.The regression equations of the relationship between temperature,time,concentration in alcohol, ratio between materials and water ang extraction rate of total flavonoids in Jasmine flower residue was established.The results indicated that extraction rate of total flavonoids in Jasmine flower residue was affected obviously in successive order by temperature, concentration in alcohol,ratio between materials and water and time.In range of experiment,extraction rate of total flavonoids was increased obviously when temperature and time were in higher levels,when temperature and concentration in alcohol were in higher levels and when concentration in alcohol and ratio between materials and water were in higher levels.And the interaction between temperature and time,between temperature and concentration in alcohol and between concentration in alcohol and ratio between materials and water.Considering the high extraction rate and activity of total flavonoids,the extraction conditions were optimized by frequency analysis that were 77.84～79.04℃temperature,86.22～97.40min time,79.22～83.43%concentration in alcohol and 1:31.51～1:34.40 ratio between materials and water.更多还原