【作者】 姜秀光；

【导师】 王爱杰；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工业大学 ， 微生物学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 好氧颗粒污泥具有沉降性能好、生物持有量高和抗冲击负荷能力强等优点,因此在废水处理领域具有重大的应用价值。研究表明,通过好氧颗粒污泥可以实现同步硝化反硝化脱氮,但是对于该体系功能微生物的研究还相当有限。因此,本研究着眼于处理高浓度氨氮废水的好氧颗粒污泥,运用DGGE技术,对好氧颗粒污泥形成及工艺运行过程中的功能微生物及群落演替进行分析,以期为工艺运行提供理论指导。采用DGGE技术,分析脱氮型好氧颗粒污泥形成过程中不同时期的污泥样品。试验结果表明,亚硝酸细菌包含自养的亚硝化单胞菌属和异养的脱氮副球菌属,是自养硝化和异养硝化共同作用的结果,虽然亚硝化单胞菌属富集非常明显,但异养的脱氮副球菌是反应器的优势菌,氨氧化应以异养氨氧化为主;分析认为,自养的硝酸细菌在25oC时的生长速率不如亚硝酸细菌,争夺无机碳源的能力也不如亚硝酸细菌,因此在出现短暂的富集后逐渐被竞争掉。脱氮型好氧颗粒污泥中的反硝化细菌包含脱氮副球菌Paracoccus denitrificans、红杆菌属Rhodobacter和陶厄氏菌属Thauera sp.,其中脱氮副球菌Paracoccus denitrificans、红杆菌属Rhodobacter为兼性厌氧菌,厌氧区出现后,可以以硝酸根做电子受体进行反硝化。在脱氮型好氧颗粒污泥形成过程中,微生物菌群落演替明显,亚硝化单胞菌属和丝状菌大量富集,而丝状菌在颗粒污泥解体后数量明显减少,推测丝状菌在好氧颗粒污泥形成过程中起着架构作用。链球菌属、拟杆菌等兼性厌氧菌,在颗粒形成后大量富集,颗粒解体后数量减少,证明颗粒形成后厌氧区的存在。更多还原

【Abstract】 Aerobic granular sludge has great applicable values in wastewater treatment due to it’s advantages, such as excellent settling ability, high biomass retention and shock loading resistence ability. With aerobic granules, nitrogen removal by simultaneous nitrification denitrification (SND) can be achieved, whereas, up to now most research focused on low-concentration ammonium wastewater or artificial domestic wastewater treatment by this process. Therefore, this research was conducted in analyzing the functional microorganisms and microbial community of aerobic granule.The sludge samples taken at different phases of aerobic granules were analyzed by Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE). The results revealed that ammonium-oxiding bacteria included autotrophic nitrifier Nitrosomonas and heterotropic nitrifier Paracoccus denitrificans. Although Nitrosomonas enriched in the process of aerobic granule forming, heterotropic nitrifier Paracoccus denitrificans was the dominated genus of the reactor because autorophical nitrite-oxiding bacteria grew slower than ammonium-oxiding bacteria at 25oC, nitrite-oxiding bacteria disappeared after a short time enrichment. Denitrifier in the reacter were Paracoccus denitrificans, Rhodobacter and Thauera sp.. Paracoccus denitrificans, Rhodobacter and Thauera sp. are aerobically respiring bacteria that under anoxic conditions have the ability to switch to anaerobic respiration.The populations in the reactor varied obviously during the whole aerobic granule forming. Certain bacteria enriched and others disappeared. The functional microorganisms and filamentous bacteria were found enriched. Streptococcus and Bacteroidetes enriched after aerobic granule forming which revealed anaerobic aera existed更多还原