【作者】 何国培；

【导师】 张治国；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工业大学 ， 光学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 医学诊断在临床治疗中有着举足轻重的作用,现行的诊断和治疗方法也是各有利弊。人们已经证明荧光光谱诊断技术与光子学和生物学结合可以实现对肿瘤的有效诊断,不仅能诊断病变前期微小癌症灶,而且能区分良性肿瘤和恶性肿瘤。荧光光谱诊断技术具有无损伤、非介入、精度高等优点。本文以良性病变为研究对象,开展了荧光光谱医学成像诊断技术研究。设计并建立点荧光光谱测量系统。该系统以中心波长为405nm的LED作为激发光源,CCD光谱仪作为光谱测量器件:研究牙结石、人体正常血液、患病血液、人体患病皮肤的荧光光谱;结果分析表明正常牙齿荧光光谱荧光峰为490nm波段宽带范围为440-800nm,而牙结石荧光光谱除具有正常牙齿荧光光谱外,在620-770nm波段还有特征荧光发射;人的血液的荧光光谱对激发光频率敏感,但没有特异性;正常皮肤与患病皮肤的荧光光谱有差异但差异很小。因此,认为有些诊断(如牙结石)可以通过自体荧光光谱分析达到诊断的目的;而对皮肤病或血液等的诊断,不建议利用自体荧光光谱诊断,建议利用药物荧光光谱诊断。该研究工作是荧光光谱成像诊断研究的基础。建立面荧光光谱诊断方法和系统。利用点荧光光谱测量系统测量牙结石牙齿的荧光光谱,研究确立牙结石诊断的荧光比例法;在牙结石面荧光光谱诊断中,利用摄取的中心波长为487nm(带宽为10nm)的图像和中心波长为649nm(带宽为38nm)图像的处理(包括比值运算、伪彩色编码等),得到牙结石的伪彩色图像;通过软件程序,实现图像的去噪声,平滑,锐化等处理;结果表明从最后的图像可以清晰地看到牙结石的边界和牙结石的厚度等信息。设计基于TMS320C6201的图像处理系统,包括硬件部分和软件部分,并能实现信息处理的要求。在芯片的选取上,确定选择DSP芯片;在设计中通过对DSP与外围电路的设计,包括MAX706X的复位功能、时钟设计、电源设计、FIFO与DSP的连接、DSP与SDRAM的连接、DSP与FLASH的连接。很好地解决了芯片内核和外围电路的电源分配的问题,详细地描述图像矩阵的传输,并建立系统开发的软件平台。更多还原

【Abstract】 Medicinal diagnosis is crucial to clinical therapy in modern time, conventional diagnosis and therapy technique alse each has his strong point and has his demerit, People have demonstrate that fluorescence spectrum diagnose technique integrate photon into biology can diagnose some cancers effetely, We adopt fluorescence spectrum diagnostic make diagnose pathological changes prophase turn into possibility , The technique can distinguish carcinoid with malignancy, The technique which is non-contact amd have some merits which conventional approachs have not possessed, it has been becoming a burgeoning and promising approach. During the experiment, This article research on carcinoid develop fluorescence spectrum diagnostic technique , This study make for the expend of fluorescence spectrum diagnostic technique, It is meaning and valuable for medical laser application.We design and establish the system of point diagnosis .The system consist of LED with the midwavelengh 405nm as to be excited lamp-house and CCD monochromator as to be measure apparatus. We diagnose and find their fluorescence spectrum of calculus、blood、unhealthy blood、pathological cutis , The result exhibit that the wave crest of normal teeth is 490nm and its waveband is 440-490nm,but the fluorescence spectrum of calculus have another 620-770nm characteristic waveband.The fluorescence spectrum of human blood is sensitive to exited optical frequency, but the fluorescence spectrum doesn’t have character, The difference between normal cutis and pathological cutis is faint ,So we advise that we do not apply the diagnostic technique to cutis and blood, We suggest we adopt drug fluorescence spectrum. The study prove intact fundamental principle for fluorescence spectrum.We establish the method and the system of image diagnosis. We get the fluorescence spectrum of calculus which is suited for ratio disposal . During the experiment ,we adopt the system imaging diagnosis to diagnose the teeth with calculus as a typical case . We take the image of midwavelength 487nm and the image of midwavelength 649nm ,Then we deal with them according to exclusive arithmetic. We gain perfect image and append artificial color to perfect image as to embody the extent of calculus bestrew ,Meanwhile, We get rid of noise in nonlinear median filter and get perfect result by flat and sharp and so on。According to intact theory, We design the system of image disposal base on TMS320C6201 Digital Signal Processing,We combine the hardware system to the software system。We dissertate the principle of digital signal processing , choose all kind of import indispensable chip , design the configuration of DSP and periphery circuit including the function of MAX706X’s reposition、the design of time、the design of electrical source、the connect between FIFO and DSP、the connect between DSP and SDRAM、the connect between DSP and FLASH、and so on. During the course We resolve the distribute of electrical source between kernel and periphery circuit,We describe the transmission of image matrix, solve the problem of pivotal segment and system。We analyze all various fluorescence in order to take some requisite medicinal information。更多还原