【作者】 李霄鹏；

【导师】 马建红；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 法制史， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 在十九世纪复杂的国际背景下,伍廷芳作为精通西律的大家,在当时晚清政治外交活动中起了无可替代的作用。他运用国际法思想进行外交谈判、处理纠纷、签订条约,这对当时的中国国际法学的发展起了很大的推动作用。更重要的是,伍廷芳通过自己的努力,使得中国人民少受境外强国的欺凌,同时也维护了中国政府的尊严。本文主要研究伍廷芳的国际法思想,主要是从伍廷芳思想的产生背景、内容及在对外实践中的具体运用展开论述。第一部分论述伍廷芳思想的产生背景。伍廷芳思想的产生同当时的国际国内环境以及他从小受到的家庭熏陶、所受的西学教育是分不开的。这一章主要从伍廷芳所处的时代背景,当时西方文化对中国人的影响以及伍廷芳的个人生活经历三个方面展开论述。伍廷芳出生的年代正是中外矛盾激化,外国对中国从政治经济甚至思想上全面入侵的时代,这些对他国际法思想的形成发展产生了深远的影响。第二部分论述伍廷芳思想的主要内容。伍廷芳的思想主要体现在以下几个方面:第一,对国际法基本权利的认识。主要是呼吁外国对中国给予平等对待,维护中国应有的尊严和合法权益。第二,对国际法纠纷解决上,他主张先进行谈判,如果不成,则启用国际程序来解决纠纷。反对武力威逼。第三,他在条约法方面也有很先进的认识。他认为国际条约由于国内法律。并且他对条约的解释规则也有自己系统的理解。第三,他对外交领事关系法的理解。主要体现在他认为外交代表应当有全权证书,以体现他代表本国政府的授权来进行外事活动的特定资格。第三部分主要论述伍廷芳国际法思想在实践中的运用。主要体现在以下几个方面:第一,尊重人权,保护华侨合法权益。第二,坚持国家平等,反对以强凌弱。伍廷芳在处理国家关系上主张经济上要平等对待、互惠互利。他倡导吸引美国来华投资,提倡双方门户开放。在对外关系上主张外国人要公平的对待中国人。第三,伍廷芳运用国际法原理处理国际纠纷。第四,保护国家的合法权益。最后一部分是结语。伍廷芳不仅法律造诣深厚,而且运用他的法律技能和娴熟的外交技巧在清末的外事活动中做出了杰出的贡献。他具有强烈的爱国主义精神和渊博的学识,他的一生一直在为中国人民的权益幸福而不懈努力。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the complicated background of the 19^th century , as a great master for the western laws ,Wu Ting-fang made an important role in the politic of the Qing Dynasty. His emotion of the international law and the using of it in the discussion、complicated things dealing and making contracts expressed that the his national law has gone to a high level. This propelled the growing of the national law. The most important thing is that: with his hard work, Wu Ting-fang made the Chinese people be better treated by foreigners . In this essay ,the emotion of Wu Ting-fang is mainly studied. It begins from its causing background, content and the using in its practice.The first part tells us the causing background of Wu’s emotion. Wu’s emotion derives from the environment at that time and the influences of his family and the western teaching on him. This part launches on the background of that time, the influence of the western culture to the Chinese and his personal life experience. These causes a great impact to the formation of this thinking and the development of the international law. The second part tells us the main content of Wu’s emotion. It expressed three parts: First, the realization of the international right. Second, solving the international problems. He think discussing first and then you can use the national proceedings to solve the problem. Third, he had a good concept on the contract law. He thought that the international law is superior to the national law. Also he had a systematic understanding on the interpretation rules of the contract. Forth , his understanding of the Diplomatic and the consular relations law. He thought that the diplomatic agents should have the credentials to reflect his special qualification to do the foreign affairs on behalf of their governments.The third part mainly tells us the use of W’s emotion in practice .It may be expressed as follows: First, the esteem to the human rights and the protection of the Chinese rights. There was a survive for the unequal treating to the Chinese people in American. Second , he insisted the equal among nations and opposed to the strong bullying of the weak. Wu Ting-fang thought that we should advocate equal treatment and mutual beneficial on dealing with economic relations. Also the foreign should treat Chinese equally in the external relations. Third, he uses his international theory to deal with the international problems. Forth ,the protection to the nation’s legitimate rights.The last part is the conclusion. Not only his deep knowledge of the law, also he made an outstanding contribution to the foreign activities of the government. He has strong patriotic spirit and vast knowledge. During all his life ,he continues his unremitting efforts to the happiness and the interests of the Chinese people.更多还原