【作者】 牛大鹏；

【导师】 陈唐龙；

【作者基本信息】 西南交通大学 ， 电力电子与电力传动， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 随着我国电气化铁路事业的飞速发展,城市轨道交通及大铁路对高速接触网动态特性的要求日益提高。由于高速动态检测所获得的参数与中低速有较大差别,前者更能反映列车高速运行的实际、也更具参考价值,从而使得不断开发、应用更先进的高速动态接触网检测技术以实现对铁路运行质量的评判研究受到越来越多的重视。本文在研究国内外现有接触网检测方法的基础上,针对目前接触网几何参数检测中存在的问题与不足,提出了利用由二维激光雷达对视距内障碍物所产生的轮廓曲线加以目标识别、运动跟踪以达到获得接触网几何参数目的的非接触式检测方案。这样,由于检测实现的非接触性,此测试系统就能同时具有两种工作模式:其一是动态参数测试模式,即在检测车的模拟受电弓与接触网实际接触的条件下进行测量;由于激光雷达装置安装于车体顶部,检测车模拟受电弓除自身重量外,不受其它附加质量的影响,因而可以保持良好的动态跟随特性,使检测数据非常接近列车实际运行时的状况。其二是静态参数测试模式,即在无需模拟受电弓和接触线接触的情况下进行接触网参数的测量;此状况下,接触线不会产生由受电弓压力引起的抬升和振动,完全处于自然状态,所以此时测得的参数基本接近静态值。此外,两种状态下的测量数据除了能够分别独立应用于动态品质研究或静态检修维护外,还可进行综合对比,以便为动态品质的分析研究提供更加直观、可靠的基础。本文方案实现大体过程如下:首先对系统的硬件设备进行了选型及功能设定,即采用了基于光束飞行时间测距原理的高频激光雷达作为数据采集单元,接口丰富、数据处理能力强大的嵌入式电脑作为前端处理器,稳定可靠的工控机作为数显、运算、输出及交互终端;出于实时性及灵活接口的考虑,设计了基于上述硬件设备的多种连接方式。随后,针对检测原理、误差影响因素、数据有效性控制方法,及不同安装方式对检测结果的利弊影响等分别进行了讨论;针对测得的检测参数,采用并比较了几种常用的数字滤波器。此外,以软件工程思想为指导,软件工程技术为依托,对系统检测软件进行了分析、设计与实现;经现场测试,及与接触式检测结果的对比,验证了本设计方案的合理性与可行性。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the rapid development of our country’s railway undertakings, the requirements of OCS(overhead contact system)’s dynamic characteristics for urban rail transit and national railway have been greatly increased. Since there is obvious distinction between the parameters detected at high speed and at low or medium speed, considering that the former is more truthfulness to reflect the actual condition and deserves more reference, it gets more and more attention to adopt more advanced high-speed dynamic OCS detection technology used for researching and evaluating the running quality of railway consequently.In view of the defect and deficiency of current OCS geometric parameters’ inspection methods, this dissertation presents a non-contact detection scheme to gain the parameters by object-identification and motion-track according to the contour curve obtained from the 2-dimentional laser radar when the OCS is within its range on the basis of studying various OCS inspection approaches domestic and overseas. Thus, for the non-contact testability of the measure, the inspection system is able to work in 2 modes: one is dynamic parameters detection mode, namely gaining parameters when simulation pantograph rises, which is close to the train’s actual working condition because the pantograph can hold good following characteristic owing to the installation of laser radar on the top of locomotive induducing no extra mass; the other is static parameters detection mode, namely obtaining parameters without pantogragh-catenary contact, which is close to the parameter’s static value by and large for the OCS is nearly on natural ground and introduced no extra lift and vibration by the contact force of pantograph. Besides the independent use of the two modes above in dynamic quality research and ordinary maitenance, we can combine with them so as to provide more intuitionistic and reliable analytical basis for the further research of dynamic quality.In this paper, laser radar based on distance-measurement theory of light flying time is used as data acquisition unit, embedded computer with prolific interfaces and strong data-processing capacity is used as front-end processor, and IPC with stable and reliable performance is used as graphic user interface, data processing module and output terminal; Afterwards, several connection modes are designed on account of real-timing and flexible porting requirements; Then, detection principle, error influence factors, data effectiveness control strategy, and pro and cons of the different laser radar’s installation ways on the detection results, are discussed respectively in detail; Subsequently, some kinds of familiar digital filters are adopted comparatively for the parameters; Besides, the course of analysis, design and realization of the system’s application software is also set forth under the ideological guidance and with the technological support of software engineering. Moreover, the feasibility and rationality of the scheme are verified by practical use and comparative analysis with the contact detection mode.更多还原