论侦查程序中犯罪嫌疑人的财产权保护

【作者】 周芳；

【导师】 杨开湘； 伍浩鹏；

【作者基本信息】 中南大学 ， 诉讼法学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 财产是人类社会存在和发展的基础,通过法律保障而形成的财产权为这一“基础”提供了坚强的保障。现代法治发达国家无论是在立法还是在司法实践方面,有关财产权保护的制度体系已经比较完备。德国、美国、日本等国在宪法(宪法修正案)中将财产权明确规定为公民的基本权利,非经法定程序,不得剥夺或限制公民的财产权。作为“宪法的测震仪”,“应用宪法”的刑事诉讼法对公民的财产权保护做出了相应的规定,当然包括侦查程序中对犯罪嫌疑人财产权的保护。侦查是指侦查机关在办理刑事案件过程中,依照法律进行的专门调查工作和有关的强制性措施。侦查的目的是收集犯罪证据,查获犯罪嫌疑人,为了达到这一目的,侦查机关在侦查过程往往采用强制性措施,侦查行为有时必须指向犯罪嫌疑人的财产,例如搜查、扣押等。侦查行为自身的特质决定了即使依法采取的强制性措施也会侵犯犯罪嫌疑人的财产权,那么违法的侦查行为只能是在更大程度上侵犯犯罪嫌疑人的财产权。而在侦查程序中,犯罪嫌疑人在技术力量和信息资源等方面与侦查机关相比明显处于弱势,甚至有时犯罪嫌疑人的自身都难保,又怎么能顾及捍卫自己的财产权利?所以,加强犯罪嫌疑人在侦查程序中的财产权保护是十分必要的。确立程序法定、司法审查、比例原则等程序性原则,能够起到权力控制权力,防止侦查权力滥用的作用。这些程序性原则已为法治发达国家所广泛采用,并发挥了实效。我国2004年修宪,将财产权明确规定为基本权利。财产权宪法权利性质的确定,更加凸显了在我国侦查程序中对犯罪嫌疑人财产权保护的不足。这主要表现在对犯罪嫌疑人财产权保护的理念、立法及司法实践三个方面。法治发达国家在侦查程序中对犯罪嫌疑人财产权保护的制度体系为我们提供了一个好的借鉴的范本,我国应当在借鉴法治发达国家成功经验的基础上完善我国侦查程序中犯罪嫌疑人的财产权保护。更多还原

【Abstract】 Property is the basis of human society, not only for her existence, but also for her evolution. In the view of the legislation and judicial practice in modern country who has established the developed rule of law, property right protection institutions have been set up comparatively well. Property right have been regulated the fundamental right of citizens in the constitutions of modern countries such as Germany、the USA and Japan, and it is not restricted or deprived by the illegal procedure. Criminal procedural law is considered as "the seismograph of constitution" or "applied constitution", it protects property right relatively including the criminal suspect in investigative procedure. To find and collect evidence, investigation organs will take compulsory measures during investigation. And the compulsory measures maybe interfere the property right of suspects, for example, search and seizure. If the investigative procedure is illegal, it will infringe the property right more seriously. Investigation organs may unavoidably compel to restrict and deprive suspect’ s property right, with consideration of lopsided technical strength and the information resources between investigation organs and suspects in the criminal procedure. Sometimes suspect’ s person right is restricted, so he can not protect his property right at all. To construct a system of procedural principles which includes legal process principle, proportional process principle, judicial writ principle, and so on, can control investigation power to perform properly. Property right is affirmed as a fundamental right in our country in 2004. But as an applied constitution, criminal procedure law can not offer conditions to protect property right. The absence of property protection idea and judicial practice is also the reason that we can not protect protection well. Modern countries set a good example on suspect’ property protection during investigation. We can establish our own property protection system, on the basis of learning, transplanting the foreign legislative and judicial experiences and combining with our concrete situation.更多还原