【作者】 李湛；

【导师】 吴王锁；

【作者基本信息】 兰州大学 ， 化学工程与工艺， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 本文用同位素示踪法研究了可溶解性氯化镍在大白鼠体内的吸收、残留及排泄,实验显示:血药时间浓度曲线符合二房室开放模型,吸收速率常数Ka为6.18/h,分布相半衰期T₍1/2（a）为0.79h,消除相半衰期T₍1/2（β）为40.68h,清除速率常数CL为0.42mL·kg^-1·h^-1,达峰时间T（peak）为0.53h,达峰浓度C（max）为24987.75cpm/mL,表观容积分布V（d）为0.016L/Kg;镍吸收以后,排泄较快,24h粪尿排出给药量的83.26%,其中经过尿液排出54.86%,经过粪便排出28.41%。同位素示踪法研究可溶性氯化镍不同时间在大鼠体内的分布残留,实验显示:在连续灌胃⁶³Ni-NiCl₂溶液15d以后,在所取的22种组织中毛发、下丘脑、脑垂体、小肠、结肠、胰腺等组织有较强的药物残留,心脏、肝脏、肾脏没有发现特异残留。同位素示踪法研究镉对镍在单性别雄鼠体内组织残留,以便对镍镉联合制毒机理研究提供一些参考。实验结果显示:当雄性大鼠长期单纯的吸收镍时,除了对动物心血管组织没有影响之外,对其余组织的影响均较严重;当雄性大鼠长期接触低剂量的镍镉混合物时候,对机体的破环主要以镉中毒为主,镍只对很少组织有影响;当接触高剂量的镍镉混合物时,镍和镉均对肌体有影响。更多还原

【Abstract】 The absorption distribution and excretion of ⁶³Ni-NiCl₂ in Rat were studied by using Liquid scintillation counting method,It was observed that the concentration-time curves in blood fitted the two dicompart-ment model of pharmacokinetics,Ka=6.18h,T_1/2（α）=0.79h,T_1/2（β）=40.68h,CL=0.42mL/（kg·h）, T（peak）=0.53h,C（max）=14.99MBq/L,V（d）=0.016L/Kg.⁶³Ni-NiCl₂ was existed in all 12 tissues tested;at 0.25h,radioactivity in intestine were the highest,and that in stomach and fattiness were higher;at 3h,liver,stomach and intestine were higher; the germen was the least;The liver and lung was the higher at 24h.In 24h 83.26%of radioactivity of oral administration was eliminated by urine and feces,54.86%by urine,28.41%by feces.After rats were treated by ⁶³Ni-NiCl₂ for 15days,in 22 tissues tested,the hair,hypothalamus,hypothesis,pancreas,small and large intestines were higher,and the residual medicine of ⁶³Ni-NiCl₂ wasn’t discovered in liver,kidney and heart.Effects of CdCl₂ on tissue residual medicine of ⁶³Ni-NiCl₂ in Rats has been studied by isotope tracer,the experiment showed that ⁶³Ni-NiCl₂ has been found in 19 tissues tested in whole 22 tissues after infusing in stomach for 8d and lacking of food and water for 72h with 0mg/kg·bwCdCl₂+8.76MBq/kg·bw⁶³Ni-NiCl₂;After the same method with 0.5mg/kg·bwCdCl₂+8.76MBq/kg·bw⁶³Ni-NiCl₂,the result showed that the 7 tissues of all 21 tissues had some counts.After the above method with 1mg/kg·bwCdCl₂+8.76MBq/kg·bw⁶³Ni-NiCl₂,the result showed that only 2 tissues had counts,others weren’t found.And after infusing in stomach for 8d and lacking of food and water for 72h with 10mg/kg·bwCdCl₂+8.76MBq/kg·bw⁶³Ni-NiCl₂,the count has been tested in 7 tissues,bone,eyeball,hair and so on.after infusing in stomach with 10mg/kg·bwCdCl₂+8.76MBq/kg·bw⁶³Ni-NiCl₂,11 tissues tested had counts.更多还原