【作者】 贺富堂；

【导师】 李守智；

【作者基本信息】 西安理工大学 ， 电力电子与电力传动， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 在电工仪表领域中,电子式单相复费率IC卡电能表是一种测量电能的新型仪表。它可以分别显示用户不同时段的用电量及当前的总电量。该仪表对指导用户明智地使用电能,保证电力系统经济运行及适应电能管理自动化的要求具有非常重要的意义。本文介绍了电子式单相复费率IC卡电能表的测量原理及研制过程。首先阐述了感应式电度表的原理并指出所存在的问题,分析了几种电子式电能表的结构及特点,然后提出了一种新颖的以单片机,电能计量芯片为核心的电子式复费率IC卡电能表的实现方案,还提出了电能表的附带装置-红外线遥控器的设计方案。电能表复费率和IC卡预付费相结合方案的提出及实现是本课题的一个创新点。红外线遥控器将给电力部门管理人员提供一种方便的工具。本文还详细地分析了所用的基于∑△调制的A/D转换原理及优势。在软件方面,设计的上电自检子程序,电能计算处理子程序,峰平谷显示切换等子程序也有独到之处。前两者能显示主要集成电路的状态与保持计算剩余极小电量不丢失。第三者能实现一旦时钟芯片报警时间到,就改变峰平谷显示的功能。本文还介绍了在硬件和软件方面采取的抗干扰措施,其中软件措施包括指令冗余技术、软件陷阱技术、“看门狗”技术等。最后,作者还给出了整个实验的详细数据及误差分析结果。由于本系统经过了精心的设计,使得该仪器具有操作简单、一表四用,准确度高(达到了国家规定的0.5级标准)、功耗低、抗干扰能力强的特点而且长时间掉电不丢失重要数据。经模拟实验证明,测试结果达到了设计指标的要求。研究表明,本仪器的复费率和IC卡相结合的方案是新颖的、切实可行的。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the field of electrical instruments, the single-phase IC card electrical energy instrument made up of electronic elements for multi-level electrical prices is a new type of instrument to measure electrical energy. It can be used to display the electric quantity consumed by the users according to the different time stage and indicates the current total electric quantity. This instrument will direct the users to use electrical energy sensibly, ensure the economical run of electrical power systems and suit the requirements of the electrical power departments’ automatic administration, which will be very important.This paper introduces the measure principle and development procedure of the single-phase IC card electrical energy instrument made up of electronic elements for multi-level electrical prices. First of all, this paper elaborates the principle of induction-way electrical energy device and points out its present shortcomings, analyses the structures and features of several electrical energy instrument that consist of electronic elements and finally puts forward a novel realized scheme of electrical energy instrument made up of electronic elements for multi-level electrical prices, which is based on single-chip microcomputer and measuring electrical energy chip. Besides, it introduces the scheme of the power meter’s attached device-the infrared remote controller. The plan and realization of combining the meter’s multi-rate with IC card’s expense is the innovative bright of this subject. The infrared remote controller provides a convenient tool for the power department’s managers. The paper also minutely analyses the principle and advantages of the analog-to-digital converter based on∑A modulation. In the software, the designs of some subroutines are all unusual, such as the self-check on power operating, the calculation and management of electrical energy and changing peak normal valley display. The two former subroutines can display status of main IC and keep the surplus tiny energy after calculating. The third can realize the function that once the alarm time of the clock chip comes, peak normal valley display will be changed. At the same time, the chesis introduces some anti-interference measures taken in the hardware and software, such software measures as the techniques of order redundancy, software trap and "Watchdog". Finally, the author also presents the whole experiment’s detail data and the result of error analysis.Since the system adopts the elaborate design, this device has such features as simple operation, one meter with four functions, high accuracy-0.5 degree Of China’standard, low power loss and a strong ability of anti-interference, and will not lose the important data when the power is cut for a long time. It is proved by the simulated experiment that the measured results of this instrument meet the requirement of designed .target. The research has shown that the scheme combining multi-level electrical prices with IC card is novel and feasible.更多还原