【作者】 姚兰；

【导师】 蒋文强；

【作者基本信息】 山东轻工业学院 ， 发酵工程， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 海带中含有多种活性物质:岩藻聚糖硫酸酯、褐藻酸钠、甘露醇和膳食纤维等,尤其是海带多糖,成为近几年研究的热点。本实验的目的是探讨海带多糖和其他物质的最佳提取条件。为了得到海带中多糖——岩藻聚糖硫酸酯及其他活性物质的最佳提取条件,我们通过单因素和正交实验,以提取物质的量为标准,结果如下:岩藻聚糖硫酸酯的提取方法有水提法、酸提法和超声波提取法。水提法的最佳条件为:时间11h,加水量30 ml/g,温度90℃;酸提法的最佳条件为:时间4 h,提取液体积为干海带质量的10倍,pH值2;超声波法的最佳条件为:干海带2 g,超声波处理45 min。三种方法比较而言,水提法的提取率最高,而且提取物中所含的杂质也比较少,可以认为水提法是这三种方法中较理想的提取方法。将浸提后的溶液浓缩到原体积的1/2时,加入无水乙醇至终浓度为60%,所得到的粗多糖质量达到最大值。水提法提取的岩藻聚糖硫酸酯,经CaCl2法纯化可得到含量较高的岩藻聚糖硫酸酯,但是褐藻酸的含量也较高。酸法提取的岩藻聚糖硫酸酯,宜采用乙醇分级沉淀法纯化,酸法较水提法可以较大程度的去除褐藻酸,保证了岩藻聚糖硫酸酯的纯度,但是岩藻聚糖硫酸酯的含量相对较低。采用DPPH（二苯基苦味酰基苯肼）法对水提和酸提两种方法得到的岩藻聚糖硫酸酯进行纯化后的样品的抗氧化性能进行了测定。结果显示,虽然水提法比酸提法样品中褐藻酸的含量高,但是却有较高的DPPH清除率。经水提法提取、CaCl2法初步纯化得到的岩藻聚糖硫酸酯上DEAE-cellulose52凝胶柱,得到3个组分:F₁、F₂和F₃。采用SephadexG- 100葡聚糖凝胶柱, F₁、F₂、F₃分别上柱,F₁、F₂及F₃均呈现单一峰。甘露醇提取的最佳工艺条件为温度: 90℃,反应时间4h,液固比为30:1。将提取多糖后的海带渣洗净、干燥、粉碎后进行酶解以提取海带膳食纤维,最佳工艺条件为纤维素酶为100U/g,蛋白酶为2000U/g,酶解时间为1h。碱溶性膳食纤维的最佳提取工艺为:反应时间2h,NaCO3浓度为1%,温度60℃,Na₂CO₃用量为处理膳食纤维的30倍。海带膳食纤维应用于面条,最佳添加量为1 kg面粉添加50g的海带膳食纤维,制得面条的品质最好。更多还原

【Abstract】 There are many active components in laminaria japonica: such as fucoidan, sodium alginaf, mannito, dietary fiber. Fucoidan has been the focus in recent years. The poupose of the paper is to find the best conditions of extracting all the active components in laminaria japonica. Through single factor and orthogonal test, we got the results:Water extracting, acid extracting and ultrasonic wave extracting are three different methods to extract fucoidan from laminaria japonica. The best conditions of water extracting was: time 11h, 30ml/g water, temperature 90℃; The best conditions of acid extracting was: time 4h, 10ml/g water, pH 2; The best conditions of ultrasonic wave extracting was: the amount of laminaria japonica 2g , time 45min. Water extracting method has the highest product yield and the least impurity. So we can say that the water extracting method is the best method. After extracting, the extracting liquid was concentrated to 1/2, then add ethanol until its concentration was 60%, we can get the most amount of fucoidan.After water extracting, the fucoidan was purifed by CaCl2 method. The product we got had more fucoidan and more algin compared to the product extracted from acid extracting and purifed by ethabol grading method. We compared the antioxidant nature of the two products above though DPPH. We found that although the first one had more impurity, it had the higher antioxidant nature. So next , the first one was separated by IC （type: DEAE-cellulose52） , we got three waves: F1,F2 and F3. Then we used GPC （type:SephadexG-100） to got their molecular weights.The best condition of extracting mannito was: temperature 90℃, time 4h , 30ml/g water. The laminaria japonica after extracting fucoidan was dried and treated by enzyme to get dietary fiber. The best condition was: cellulose enzyme 100U/g, protein enzyme 2000U/g, time 1h. The best condition of extracting dietary fiber which can dissolve in alkali was: time 2h, the concentration of NaCO3 1%, temperature 60℃, 30ml/g Na₂CO₃. The dietary fiber was applied in noddle, by adding 50g dietary fiber to 1kg flour, the noodle was the best.更多还原