形、名语素构成复合词的语义类组合分析

【作者】 刘宗保；

【导师】 王政红；

【作者基本信息】 南京师范大学 ， 语言学及应用语言学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 本文的研究对象是《现汉》(第5版)中所收录的所有形、名语素构成的双音复合词,首先对这类复合词中的形、名语素进行语义分类,在分类的基础上对形名组合进行双向选择分析,即分析哪些语义类的形语素与哪些语义类的名语素是强势组合,哪些是弱势组合,由此得出形名组合在语义类选择上的强弱等级序列。我们得出形语素类12个,分别为[+度量/形貌/质地/知觉/颜色/评价/心理/时间/情状/程度/体验/方向]类;名语素类9个大类,分别为[+属人/物/事/构件/现象/状态/信息/时间/空间]类,在各个名语素大类下面分出相应的次类。文章按照五个原则进行形、名语素义类的组合分析,即“透明度”原则、“属性范畴深度”原则、“类对类”原则、“质/量”原则与“倾向性”原则。在上述原则的控制下,文章对“形名”序和“名形”序类复合词进行形、名义类的组合分析。首先以名语素类为组合对象,分析与各个形语素类组合的名语素类,得出各类形语素选择名语素类的强弱序列;再以形语素义类为选择对象,分析各个名语素语义类所选择的形语素义类,得出组合的强弱序列。我们认为这种形、名语素义类双向选择组合的强弱等级序列,反映了人们在认知世界、对世界进行范畴化过程中,对属性和属性体关系认定的倾向性,即越处于序列左边的语义类,在人们与世界的互动中的认知显著度就越高,也就越容易进入形名组合。文章还对形名组合的规律进行了探讨,从“词汇化”中的范畴选择、“标尺两极”规律及“属性值与属性体关系”模式三个方面进行了具体的分析。文章最后讨论了语言世界、主体世界和客体世界三个方面对形名组合的制约作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 This paper analyses one kind of compound words with adjective-noun morphemes construction and to explores its semantic build-up relation.In this paper,all double syllable compound words with a-n construction from《modern Chinese dictionary》(5th edition)are selected as the study object.Then we lable the a-n morphemes with corresponding semantic categories and make mutual option analysis.It intends to get the preferential option rank that which adjective semantic category inclines to slect which noun semantic category.Twelve adjective semantic categories are classified,including "[+measurement/ shape/attribute/perception/color/appraisal/mentality/time/status/degree/experience/ direction]".And 9 noun semantic categories are further divided,including[+humanity/ nature substance/circs/component/phenomenon/state/time/information/space]. There are also some sub-classes.The semantic categories mutual option is explored according to 5 principles: transparence;character category depth;category to category;quality and quantity; tendency.On the basis of the five principles,this theise studies which the noun/adjective semantic categories select which adjective/noun semantic categories respectively,and reaches the preferential option rank.According to the preferential option rank,it reflects the tendency that people cognize the relation between the attribute and its carrier in the process of classifying the world.It is held that the more it locates in the left,the more salience it is in the cognization,and also it is much easier to enter the a-n compound words.This paper also talks about the rules and its restriction of a-n construction.The rules are discussed in three aspects:categories selection in the lexicalization;the rule of "ruler in two poles";the relation pattern of abbtibute and its carrier.At last,this paper investigates the restriction factors of a-n construction from language word,human word and nature word.更多还原