【作者】 张娜；

【导师】 孔克勤；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 基础心理学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 罗夏墨迹测验是迄今为止应用最广泛的投射测验,也是极其重要的非结构化人格测验之一。国外对成人和儿童、正常人和异常者的罗夏墨迹测验都有较多的研究和应用,对儿童的研究集中在注意缺陷多动症、Asperger综合症、性虐待、创伤后应激障碍等异常儿童的研究和临床应用。而国内相关领域则起步较晚,规模较小,且主要集中在成人和青少年中精神分裂等异常被试,幼儿几无涉猎。本研究选取4～6岁正常幼儿每个年龄各20人(男女各10人)共60人进行试测,遵循罗夏墨迹测验的施测和计分方法,并针对幼儿被试优化了施测程序。再按正常幼儿、异常幼儿进行统计分析和二者的比较。4～6岁正常幼儿罗夏墨迹测验结果,显示4～6岁正常幼儿在约30%项目上的反应呈较离散水平,性别的主效应在S%上显著,在F和C上边缘显著。性别和年龄的交互作用在P和FC上边缘显著。整体看,这三个年龄跨度的幼儿智力水平相接近且较低下,有限的认知能力,情绪化严重,且女孩的常识性、情绪控制力和环境适应力普遍好于男孩,而男孩的自我意识和独创意识较强。4～6岁异常幼儿的罗夏墨迹测验结果中Dd、m和C等可提示异常线索的反应明显增多,揭示了异常幼儿在认知、情绪和适应等方面的欠缺和不足。异常和正常幼儿的数据比较,在R和At%上的差异极其显著,在RT(Av.)和At上的差异显著,在S、F%和A%上的差异边缘显著。提示异常幼儿较正常幼儿认知过程缓慢,更多焦虑和冲突,情绪控制不良。我国与日本阪大(人名)、美国Exner所列的4～6岁正常幼儿群体的跨文化比较研究,发现我国与日本的4～6岁正常幼儿在反应领域比率、运动反应和色彩反应上的数据较为相似,说明两国幼儿认知、智力和情绪方面存在较多共同之处,但各有特点;但均与美国的幼儿数据差异较大,建议罗夏墨迹测验进行跨文化应用时,结合当地常模。总之,罗夏墨迹测验也适用于我国4～6岁幼儿,相应的测验常模仍需建立。罗夏墨迹测验的推广和应用任重而道远。更多还原

【Abstract】 Rorschach Inkblot Test is the most popular projective test, which is also one of the most important personality tests. There are lots of research and applications on Rorschach Test for adults, children, the normal and the abnormal abroad. And the research on children mostly focuses on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), Asperger’s disorder, sexually abuse, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and so on. But, the development of domestic research in this area is late and not sufficient, most of which focuses on adult and juvenile. But it is absent on children.A group of 60 subjects, which aged from 4～6 years old, accepted this test according to the testing and scoring standard. At the same time, the testing procedure is optimized for the children subjects. Then we analysis and compare the date of the normal and abnormal children separately. The result indicates that, the responses of the normal children are presented as dispersed level on 30% items around. The main effect of gender is significant on S%, the marginal effect on F and C is significant. The interaction effect between gender and age is significant on P and FC marginally. All of these three ageing span subjects, the mental level is low, the cognitive ability is limited, and all of them have emotional disorder. At the same time, the girls’ common sense, emotional control ability and the adaptive ability are all stronger than boys’, while the boys’ self-sense and creativity sense are stronger. The responses of Dd, m, and C in abnormal situation increase apparently. Compared the data of the normal to the date of the abnormal, the differences on R, At%, RT(Av.) and At are significant, and the differences on the S, F%, A% are significant marginally.The cross-culture study among China, Japan and America on the normal children aged from 4～6 has proved that the responses of location, movement and color are similar, which indicates that there are many similarities on the cognition, intelligence and emotion of Chinese children and Japanese children, which also have their own characteristics, but are far different from the data of American children. In all, Rorschach Inkblot Test also adapts to the children aging from 4～6 in our country. Furthermore, the norm of the children aging from 4～6 in our country still need to be constructed. This project needs more persons apply himself to.更多还原