【作者】 陈丽君；

【导师】 周家骥；

【作者基本信息】 上海师范大学 ， 发展与教育心理学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 价值观是人们区分好坏、美丑、损益、正确与错误、符合或违背自己意愿等的标准并指导行为的心理倾向系统(黄希庭,1994)。价值观在人的成长和发展过程中起着十分重要的作用,有没有正确的价值观将直接影响青少年的健康成长和其个性的形成。因此,青少年一代的价值观教育成为现代教育中的一个重要课题。进行价值观教育的关键是对价值观的形成特征有比较系统的了解;本研究在广泛阅读国内外关于价值观研究的文献资料基础上,利用心理测量学的基本理论编制一套适合当代中国国情的青少年价值观问卷,并借此揭示青少年价值观的形成特征及主要影响因素,最终目的是帮助社会、学校、家庭引导青少年培养正确的价值观。全文由六个部分组成。第一部分是综述,对价值观理论的发展进行比较系统地梳理,详细整理了国内外关于价值观的定义、分类、采用的测量量表以及近几十年来我国对青少年价值观的研究现状。第二部分是《青少年价值观问卷》的编制。在广泛阅读文献资料的基础上,结合预调查,设立初步的价值观问卷项目,形成第一稿价值观问卷。接着,进行初试,并采用探索性因子分析处理数据,删减无关项目,编制形成正式问卷。从对问卷的质量分析情况看,问卷的项目区分度、信度、效度都较理想。最终的《青少年价值观问卷》包括6个维度、68个项目:维度1努力奋斗观,维度2道德观,维度3和谐观,维度4名利观,维度5个体—群体观,维度6创新观。第三部分是相关研究(1)——青少年价值观形成的特点分析。结合问卷情况,对青少年价值观形成的年龄差异、性别差异以及影响青少年价值观形成的因素进行分析和讨论。研究显示:(1)青少年的不同价值观并不是一致发展的,价值观的发展有关键阶段;(2)尽管男女青少年的价值观发展并没有显著差异,但是在得分上男女青少年还是有高低之分。(3)影响青少年价值观形成的因素是多方面的,包括社会、学校、家庭。榜样的作用不可小觑,中学生易受明星榜样的影响,大学生则对自己的父母有更高的认同。第四部分是相关研究(2)——从众心理对青少年价值观形成的影响。通过情境实验揭示了从众心理对青少年价值观的重要作用。第五部分是分析与讨论。首先是对现存青少年价值观的问题分析。结合问卷得到的结果分析,归纳出青少年价值观教育中存在的7个问题:(1)不思进取——丧失奋斗的动力;(2)躲避崇高——道德感的缺失;(3)崇尚名利——价值观的世俗化;(4)孤立闭塞——人际关系的冷漠;(5)故步自封——创新能力的匮乏;(6)拒绝雷锋——榜样的现实化;(7)重智轻德——现代教育的偏离。接着是对价值观教育的几点想法:首先,社会应当树立正确的主导价值观,引导和帮助青少年树立社会主义理想,塑造爱国主义精神,培养科学精神、人文精神和审美意识;其次,应当建立正确的社会舆论导向,净化价值观的培养渠道,如网络、电视、报纸等,并帮助学生学会筛选信息,学校尤其要重视班级班风的培养;再次,抓住价值观发展的关键阶段,使价值观的培养更有效果;最后,可以采用多样的价值观教育方式,对青少年进行潜移默化的价值观培养。第六部分是结语,对本研究的总结论,并且指出了本研究的最大特点和不足之处。更多还原

【Abstract】 Value is a system of psychological inclination, which helps people distinguish good from bad, beauty from ugliness, gains from losses, right from wrong (Huang Xiting, 1994). This system plays a key role in the growing process of a person, and it decides whether adolescents can grow up with both mental and physical health. Therefore, value education has become an important subject for school education. The basic foundation for value education is getting a systematic knowledge of the growing characteristics of values; Referring to various domestic and overseas value researches and based on psychometrics theories, an adolescents’value scale has thus come into being. The purpose of this research is to reveal the growing characteristics of values and some related influences, and eventually to help the society, schools and parents guide adolescents to set up correct values. This thesis is composed of six parts.The first part is a summary of value viewpoints from domestic and foreign experts. This part summarizes some experts’definitions, classifications and scales of values. Related latest researches on adolescents’values in our country are also included.The second part introduces the process of compiling“The Adolescents’Value Scale”. On the basis of widely reading related documents and with the aid of a preliminary questionnaire, the first version of the scale is formed. After the first survey is carried out, Exploratory Factor Analysis helps to settle down the final version of the scale, which contains 6 dimensions consisted of 68 items. These 6 dimension are:1.values of diligence, 2.values of harmony; 3.values of morals; 4.values of fame and wealth; 5.values of individual-group; 6.values of creation. Quality analysis followed shows that this scale has high reliability ,validity and good discrimination ability.The third part is related research(I), which focus on three parts: age difference, gender difference and factors affecting the growth of adolescents’values. The results show:(1)Values develops inconsistently; different dimensions of values have their key developing stages. (2)Although there is no significant difference between males and females, girls get higher scores on some dimensions and boys get higher on some others.(3)Factors influencing the forming of values are various, some are from the society, some from the school and some from the family. The importance of models cannot be neglected; high school students tend to have stars as their models, while college students have a higher confirmation on their parents.The fourth part is related research(II). The situational test presents what role conformity plays in the foming process of adolescents’values.The fifth part is related analysis and discussion, which first points out 7 problems lying in current value education:(1)making no effort; (2)losing sense of morality; (3)over-chasing fame and wealth; (4)being indifferent; (5)short of creation and innovation; (6)change of models; (7)focusing on knowledge while ignoring morality. Some suggestion on value education are also put forward in this part: Firstly, our society should set up some leading values. Students should possess ideals of socialism and spirits of patriotism; they should also have an appreciation of beauty, a mind of science and humanism. Secondly, we should set up right directions for public opinions and purify the mass media, such as the internet, TV and newspapers; we should also help youngsters learn how to screen messages. Thirdly, grasping the key stages of values’forming enables value education to be more effective. Finally, different measures of value education can help develop adolescents’values imperceptibly but effectively.And the last part is the ending, which contains the conclusion of this research, as well as some distinguishing features and flaws of this research.更多还原