【作者】 朱艳春；

【导师】 王贵国；

【作者基本信息】 湖南师范大学 ， 国际法学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 随着国际贸易的不断发展,交易中的风险日趋增大,商人通常会要求交易对方提供某种相对传统担保更加安全、有效、方便的担保权益。同时,在国际贸易由卖方市场向买方市场转变中,传统担保由于主要着力保护卖方利益也难免遭到冷遇。于是,出现了一种不依附于基础合同,更加注重各当事方利益平衡的担保合同--独立保函(也被称为见索即付保函)。目前,见索即付保函已被广泛运用于国际经济交往中,但是我国对其并未有明确的法律规定且未加入相关国际公约,以致实践中,各交易方甚至对同一事实产生的保函下当事人权利义务的理解和具体规定也很有可能大相径庭。现实迫切要求我们对保函中相关当事人的权利义务进行深入研究,从法律上规范其运用,从而使实践中的运用更加高效、便捷,促进交易的顺利进行。文章从见索即付保函的原理和技术分析入手,观点鲜明的论述了见索即付保函的法律特性,继而通过对相关国际惯例、公约的具体适用以及各国学者不同观点、经典案例的剖析,详细分析了相关当事方在保函下的具体权利和义务。其中,着重阐述了在直接保函中,委托人与担保行的法律关系以及担保行与受益人之间的权利与义务以及间接保函中指示行与担保行具体权利义务的分配;其后,对见索即付保函下欺诈索款这一难以逃避的问题进行了探讨;最后,基于我国的经济和司法现状,文章从实际出发,着眼于银行实践,提出了对见索即付保函的立法主张和银行开展此项业务的具体建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to control international trade risk effectively, in international business transactions, a ready, prompt and assuredly realizable guaranty is required and a new form of guarantee which is independent of underlying transaction has come into being, under the situation of the conversion from seller’s market to buyer’s market. The guarantee is called independent guarantee or demand guarantee.After development for many years, demand guarantee has been used widely in international trade, but there is not any specific law in our country, and we are not the member country of The United Nations Convention on Independent Guarantees and Standby Letters of Credit, we can’t treat this convention as our legislation in independent guarantee area. So analyzing the rights and obligations of all parties of the demand guarantee will make it more available and convenient for the use of the demand guarantee and the operation of the international business transactions.This article starts with the analysis of the principles and techniques of the demand guarantee, and then demonstrates in detail about the rights and obligations of all parties (i.e. the principal, the guarantor, the beneficiary, and the instructing bank and issuing bank in indirect guarantee) of the demand guarantee, by discussing the definition, nature, structure legal sources, and classical cases of demand guarantee. Besides, attempts to examine a number of specific factual situations which constitute fraud in demand guarantee and their remedies. At last, the article presents a brief summary and analysis of China’s current legislation and practice of demand guarantee and put forward the preliminary proposals for perfecting the relevant legislation and practice in our country.更多还原