【作者】 马武强；

【导师】 何小刚；

【作者基本信息】 太原理工大学 ， 控制理论与控制工程， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 一体化监控摄像机是指镜头、CCD芯片、视频处理电路、控制通信电路、电源、机壳整合为一个整体,可以实现电动聚焦变焦、自动聚焦和自动光圈控制的摄像机。与传统摄像机相比,一体化摄像机凭着体积小巧,特殊设计的外观,其电源、视频、控制信号均有直接插口,优于传统摄像机复杂的连线,因此在监控领域,一体化摄像机得到了广泛应用。在研究生学习期间,我们设计并实现了一种用于监控的一体化模拟摄像机,本人完成了相关硬件和软件的设计实现。最终所实现的一体化模拟监控摄像机具有以下特点:(1)基于夏普47万CCD和专用DSP的图像采集处理系统以及单片机控制通信系统所设计的一体化模拟监控摄像机。方案设计既保证了摄像机有较好的图像显示效果又缩短了研发周期降低了成本。(2)基于模拟电路和单片机的自动聚焦系统。在一体化摄像机的实现技术中,自动聚焦特别是变焦距自动聚焦是核心。传统主动式聚焦系统装置复杂且易出错,而基于DSP、FPGA等数字信号处理的聚焦系统价格又显得昂贵。在本设计中通过模拟滤波电路提取复合视频信号中的高频分量,作为聚焦评价值。单片机首先根据聚焦变焦跟踪曲线驱动聚焦电机找到准焦点附近,再通过爬山搜索算法找到准焦点。这种聚焦方式具有实现简单、功耗低、聚焦快等特点。实践证明,采用本聚焦系统设计的摄像机可在1秒内实现自动聚焦,并且准焦率达99%以上。(3)具有字符显示功能。选用专用的字符叠加芯片实现了用户操作信息的在屏显示。(4)具有红外遥控功能。利用红外线可以控制摄像机的聚焦变焦以及云台的上下左右转动等。方便用户在现场进行控制调试。(5)摄像机内置云台解码器模块。本摄像机可以不通过外接解码器,而由摄像机的主控制芯片直接与上位机进行通信,进而控制摄像机和云台的动作。同时为了增强摄像机的通用性,也预留了解码器接口,可直接与其它类型云台解码器相连。(6)设计了上位机控制界面。在实验室中,我们通过人机控制界面来实现对摄像机和云台的操作控制,也为进一步设计上位机集成监控软件打下了基础。更多还原

【Abstract】 The integrated zoom camera,which is integrated in lens,CCD chip,video processing circuits,control communication circuits,power,chassis,and so on as a whole.This type of cameras can focus,zoom, auto-focus, auto-zoom and auto-iris.Compared with traditional cameras,the integrated zoom cameras are a compact, the special design of appearance, the power, video, control signals are directly jack, also they have more simple connection than traditional cameras. In monitoring areas,the integrated zoom cameras have alreay been widely used.During the graduate studies,we designed and implemented a type of integrated zoom camera which used in monitoring areas.I completed the relevant hardware and software design. The integrated monitoring analog zoom camera which we designed has following features:(1) The zoom camera is based on 47,0000 pixeles CCD and special DSP along with SCM control communications system.This design scheme ensures that the camera has good effect and shorten the R & D cycle also reduced the costs.(2) The auto-focus system is based on analog circuits and MCU.The core of design zoom camera is how to auto-focus. Traditional active focusing system complex and error-prone.The auto-focus system which based on FPGA or DSP is much more expensive. In this paper,the auto-focus system is achieved by analog filtering circuit extraction high-frequency component from the composite video signals. At last,we use hill-climbing algorithm to find the focusal point by MCU. Practice has proved that, this auto-focus system is simple, low-power and fast focusing .The zoom camera in which used the auto-focus system can focus in one second and the correct rate is more than 99%.(3) On screen display. The zoom camera can display the operation information on screen by special characters superimposed chip.(4) Infrared remote control . Using infrared can control the movement of camera and haeundae.(5) Haeundae decoding module is embedded in the zoom camera.The zoom camera need’t use an external decoder but by the MCU in the zoom camera to communicate with PC. At the same time, in order to enhance the camera’s versatile, we also designed a decoder interface in the camera, so the camera can directly connect with other types of haeundae decoder .(6) Designed the man-machine interface. Users can use man-machine interface to control the camera and haeundae.Also for further design integrated PC monitoring software to lay a foundation.更多还原