复合偏光分束棱镜的设计和性能测试

【作者】 贾朋；

【导师】 李国华；

【作者基本信息】 曲阜师范大学 ， 光学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 偏光器件是偏光信息处理和偏光技术应用的核心器件,偏光分束棱镜以其较高的消光比、透射比、较强的抗光损伤能力和良好的分束性能,从众多偏光器件中脱颖而出,在激光偏光技术的应用中发挥了难以替代的作用。目前,制作偏光分束棱镜最主要的材料为冰洲石晶体,而此晶体为天然稀有晶体,价格昂贵,不利于这种优秀偏光器件的推广使用。利用光学玻璃和冰洲石晶体组合的方法制作偏光分束棱镜可以大大降低生产成本,在一定程度上解决了上述矛盾。这种类似想法在较早的时候便有人提出,但比较有参考价值的相关设计仅有两种形式:Feussner棱镜和Ammann-Massey棱镜。由于缺少合适的光学玻璃和胶合剂,以及该形式棱镜自身固有缺陷,如光束偏离角、消光比较低、温度适用范围等,它们没有引起人们的关注。本文对冰洲石—玻璃组合偏光分束棱镜的研制工作主要围绕选材、计算、加工和测试这四个要点展开:选材即选取可以与冰洲石晶体实现较好匹配的光学玻璃和胶合剂;通过计算、分析,确定最优化的棱镜设计方案;样品加工,解决该棱镜加工的技术难题,如材料匹配和提高透射比问题;实验测试主要关注棱镜在实现良好分束的基础上其透射比和消光比的大小。论文中撰写的内容主要包括以下方面:第一章是绪论,讲述了论文写作的背景和写作目的,以及论文的创新点和本人所做的主要工作。第二章主要针对传统冰洲石棱镜展开,包括:冰洲石棱镜的研发历史、棱镜设计的基础理论以及冰洲石棱镜的一些经典设计,尤其是对本文的主要研究对象—分束型设计进行了尤为细致的研究和描述。第三章从对光学玻璃的研究开始,讲述了冰洲石-玻璃组合式偏光分束棱镜设计需要的相关理论和棱镜的发展历史,以及最近几年中出现的一些经典设计。通过对比和分析,提出了几种实用性的新设计方案。第四章以两种具体的设计:平行分束棱镜和90°分束棱镜为例,详细论述了冰洲石-玻璃组合式分束棱镜的设计原理、样品的测试过程和测试结果以及各注意事项,并对实验误差进行了分析。最后,通过与传统冰洲石分束棱镜的各项光学参数的对比研究表明:冰洲石—玻璃组合形式的偏光分束棱镜的设计是可行的,它在节省了稀有昂贵的冰洲石晶体材料的前提下,基本具备了与纯冰洲石晶体偏光棱镜相当的性能参数,而且实现了对光路的调制和分束,大大的方便了光路的搭建和其它配件的配合使用。相信,该设计在今后的光学实验中将会拥有广阔的使用前景。本文的主要创新之处在于:对组合式分束棱镜的设计理论进行了系统的总结,提出了组合平行分束棱镜和90°分束棱镜的优化设计方案。对新设计的各光学参量进行了严密的理论分析,对试验样品进行精密的实验测试,并将新设计与传统的冰洲石设计进行对比研究,总结其各参量之间的优劣关系,验证了新设计的实用性。更多还原

【Abstract】 The polarizer is the key component in the treating of polarized information and the application of polarized technique. Polarizing prism talent showing itself for its high extinction ratio, good transmittance and powerful optical damage threshold, and it is unsubstituted as an important polarizer in laser polarization technology. At the psesent time, most of polarizing prism is made of Iceland spar which is a rare nature crystal. So the excellent polarizer isn’t fit for application widely for its high price. Making polarizing prism by the means of combination of optical glass and Iceland spar can reduce the price apparently for the price of optical glass is cheap. Some similar ideas had been put forward previously, but only two type of them are worthy of reference, which are Feussner prism and Ammann-Massey prism. But only a few people pay attention to them for the lack of optical glass and glue and some inherent flaw, such as beam deflection angle、low extinction ratio、temperature scope of application etc.Our research work of combination of Iceland spar and glass polarizing prism is based on four points: select suitable material、calculation、machining and testing. Select suitable material means that select the optical glass and glue that can match with Iceland spar suitably; The optimal design scheme of prism is determined by calculation and analysis; The samples are machined, solving the technical problems, such as the matching of material and increasing transmittance; We pay attention to the transmittance and extinction ratio of prism which based on the good beam splitting in experimental test. Our thesis mostly includes thereinafter aspect:The first chapter is the introduction, which telling of the writing background and the writing purpose. And in this part, I narrate the innovation and mostly work i did in the studying.The second chapter is mainly telling of the traditional prism, including the studying history、the basis theory and some sutra designs of the traditional Iceland spar prism, especially describing and studying the mostly object of this textual—the beam splitting prism.The third chapter is started on the research of the optics glass, narrate the correlation theory and development history of the combination of Iceland spar and glass beam splitting polarizing prism, and include some sutra design of recent several years. According to the contrasting and research, advance several new practical redesigns.The fourth chapter mainly tell of the design theory of the combination of Iceland spar and glass beam splitting polarizing prism, the testing course of the sample、the testing result and the regard proceeding. And analyze the testing error.At last, contrasting of mainly optics parameters with traditional prism, indicate that: the design theory of the combination of Iceland spar and glass beam splitting polarizing prism is feasible, it saves the costly Iceland spar material and possesses the same optics capability. Also, it realizes the beam modulate and splitting which smart conveniences the optical building and assorting with else apparatus. This design will have the wide using foreground in the future.The main innovations of this article are the summing-up of the design theory and the new design of the combination of Iceland spar and glass beam splitting polarizing prism, which include parallel beam splitting prism and 90°beam splitting polarized prism. Detailed analysis are given about the mainly optics parameters of the new design, and the new designs are made into samples whose performance are tested by experiment. According to the contrasting and research, sum up the relation of every parameter and validate the practicability of the new design.更多还原