【作者】 戴庆锋；

【导师】 李文华；

【作者基本信息】 广西师范大学 ， 社会学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 功能主义是西方社会学理论史上相对最久远且最深厚的理论传统之一,它同时也是社会学研究的重要视阈和方法。历经孔德、斯宾塞、迪尔凯姆、帕森斯、默顿以及亚历山大等社会学家的创造、继承和发展,功能主义已经成为社会学领域内非常重要且相当完善的理论视角和研究方法。功能主义强调宏观社会系统由各个相互联系并有机结合的各个子系统构成,在社会宏观系统的整合功能下,这些子系统共同为社会秩序的稳定、均衡发挥着各自的功能。这种从宏观着眼,强调社会系统的宏观整合和协调的社会研究方法,对我国当前提出的构建社会主义和谐社会具有重要的意义。党的十六大已经明确提出构建我国社会主义和谐社会的重要内容,指出我国构建社会主义和谐社会必需是充满生机活力、体现社会公平、实现和睦的人际关系、有团结稳定秩序的社会。在党的十七大上,会议主题更加明确提出了发展中国特色的社会主义道路,就是在中国共产党领导下,立足基本国情,以经济建设为中心,坚持四项基本原则,坚持改革开放,解放和发展生产力,巩固和完善社会主义制度,建设社会主义市场经济、社会主义民主政治、社会主义先进文化、社会主义和谐社会,建设富强民主文明和谐的社会主义现代化国家。和谐社会的构建,是一个社会各基本要素有机地、高度整合的状态,要求社会有机体的组成部分协调一致,有着统一的发展动力和方向,以及规范的社会发展模式,它涵盖着社会系统内的经济关系、政治关系、文化关系以及人与自然的关系的均衡和谐状态,包含了经济系统、政治系统、社会系统和文化系统的相关内容和相互关系,它显现出实现社会均衡、稳定的应然状态。本文从功能主义理论研究视阈出发,以功能主义所强调的社会整体性和建构性的特点,结合我国基本国情,对我国当前构建和发展有中国特色社会主义,贯彻落实科学发展观以及实现小康社会作出功能分析。文章具体结构如下:第一部分部分介绍文章研究的主要来源,研究现状,以及研究基本思路。第二部分系统地回顾了功能主义在西方社会学领域的发展历程、代表人物以及主要思想,尤其是他们对我国构建社会主义和谐社会的重要理论意义。主要包括处于不同时期的孔德、斯宾塞、迪尔凯姆、帕森斯、默顿以及亚历山大等社会学家,以及他们各自对社会学,尤其是功能主义的促进和发展作用。第三部分系统阐述了构建社会主义和谐社会的深刻内涵、特征和功能要求。从社会学功能主义视阈而言,构建社会主义和谐社会,从本质而言是要实现社互会的整合和社会秩序的均衡和谐,注重社会宏观系统内各子系统的功能发挥和相作用,最终维系社会的可持续发展。第四部分对我国构建社会主义和谐社会作出功能分析,具体包括构建社会主义和谐的经济系统、政治系统、社会系统和文化系统,以及整合各子系统间的相互关系,共同为构建社会主义和谐社会发挥各自的功能。第五部分是本文的结语部分。通过相关研究,笔者从功能主义理论维度来分析和发掘当前我国构建社会主义和谐社会的本质特征和功能要求,尤其是将功能主义理论和研究视角应用于我国当前的实际国情,认为当前我国构建社会主义和谐社会必须充分从社会宏观系统的维度出发,注重构成社会宏观系统的经济系统、政治系统、社会系统以及文化系统等子系统的均衡和谐,强调子系统对宏观系统的建构功能及其相互关系,发掘出构建社会系统内各子系统和谐的有效机制,功能要求以及功能得以实现的有效途径,从而为宏观系统的整合创造环境,最终实现我国社会主义和谐社会的构建。在相关研究上,国内学者对我国社会主义和谐社会的构建作出丰富的研究,但以社会学功能主义视角进行分析研究的并不多见,这对笔者既是机遇,同时也是挑战,因此,在分析这一问题上,既有创新之处,也存在一定程度的不足。但笔者希望通过相关阐述和分析,试图以一个新颖的视角,向人们展示研究构建我国和谐社会主义社会的新维度,并能对我国构建社会主义和谐社会进行研究、探讨和总结。更多还原

【Abstract】 Functionalism is one of the oldest and deepest west traditional sociality theories, as well as the important sociality research perspective and method. With the efforts by Comte, Spencer, Durkheim, Parsons, Merton, and Alexandria, the functionalism system has become a necessary and perfect theory perspective and research method. Functionalism emphasizes the macro-social system is constructed by subsystems, which play their respective functions contributed to social order, stability and balance. The macro-social research methods, which emphasis social system integration and coordination indicate important significance on constructing our socialist harmonious society. The 16th CPC National Congress has proposed contents on constructing our socialist harmonious society, which should be full of vigor and vitality, social equity, harmony and achieve interpersonal relationships, as well as stability of social order. The 17th CPC National Congress puts forward to developing our society with Chinese characters, that with the leadership of Chinese Communist Party, basing ourselves on the basic national conditions, taking our economic construction as the central task, sticking to the four principles, reform and opening up, liberating and development of the productive forces, consolidating and perfecting the socialist system, including building a socialist market economy, socialist democracy and socialist advanced culture, a socialist harmonious society and building a prosperous, democratic, civilized and harmonious modern socialist country. The construction of a harmonious society is a social developing model, with characters of the basic elements of organic, highly integrated state, the demands of social coordinated development and unified momentum and direction, as well as the standardized systems. It includes economic relations, political relations, cultural relations, and the equilibrium and harmonious relationships between society and nature. And it is also the social state of balance and stability, which including economic system, political system, social system and cultural system.The article holds the theoretical vision of functionalism, which emphasizes the social construction and integrity. Basing on our country’s conditions, the article analyses the process of construction on socialism of Chinese characteristics, as well as implementing the scientific concept of development and the realization of a well-off society.The article is constructed by bellows: The first part gives the major source of the research, the status quo, as well as the basic research ideas.The second part of the article reviews systematically the progress of functionalism in west sociology, the major sociologists and the mainstream ideas, especially the theoretical significance on construction of our socialist harmonious society. It includes the sociologists such as Comte, Spencer, Durkheim, Parsons, Merton, and Alexander, and their contributions to functionalism and sociology.The third part states the profound meaning, characteristics and the requirements of our socialist harmonious society. From the vision of sociological functionalism, the construction of harmonious society should achieve social integration and order equilibrium, especially focus on the social macro-system and the subsystems play the necessary functions in maintaining the community sustainable development.The forth part shows how to construct our socialist harmonious society, which includes the harmonious economic system, political system, social system and cultural system. It also focuses on the relationships among the micro-systems and the macro integration.The last part is the conclusion.In the research, the author analyses the essential characteristics and functional requirements of constructing socialist harmonious society. The most important meaning of the article is based on functionalism and analyses the Chinese current conditions. And the analyses on the macro-system constructed by micro economic system, political system, social system and cultural system, as well as the relationships among them. But the most important and necessary part is how to construct our socialist harmonious society and the effective mechanism and methods.In related research, the domestic scholars has made enrich study on the subject, but on the other hand with the vision of functionalism was limited. To the author, the situation is not only the challenge but also the chance. Thus, the article has both the innovation and shortage for some degree. After all, the author hopes that the article will give us a new perspective on constructing our socialist harmonious society, as well as more researches, discussions and summaries.更多还原