【作者】 田秋平；

【导师】 李中华；

【作者基本信息】 华中师范大学 ， 有机化学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 氟碳表面活性剂是迄今为止表面活性最高的一类特种表面活性剂,它的独特性能常被概括为“三高”“两憎”,即高表面活性,高耐热稳定性,高化学稳定性,含氟烃基既憎水又憎油。本文比较全面地综述了氟碳表面活性剂的发展与现状、性质特点及应用情况。以全氟辛基磺酰氟为基本原料,合成了十种N-烷基全氟辛基磺酰胺,对它们的结构进行了表征。通过大量实验,和改变反应物配比、溶剂、反应温度以及时间等,探索出较好的合成条件:以异丙醚、乙醚、氯苯、丙酮等作为溶剂,主要反应物配比为1:1～2,反应温度40～80℃,反应时间为3～8h。测定表面张力及产率,发现N-[3-（二甲氨基）-丙基]全氟辛基磺酰胺及全氟辛基磺酸四乙基铵最优。以N-[3-（二甲氨基）-丙基]全氟辛基磺酰胺为中间体,与2-氯乙醇季铵盐化,最后与过量的环氧丙烷反应,合成了表面活性较好的新型聚醚类氟碳表面活性剂N-[3-聚醚-3-（二甲氨基）-丙基]全氟辛基磺酰胺;另外,该中间体与H₂O₂反应合成了一种氧化型表面活性剂N-[3-（氧化二甲氨基）-丙基]全氟辛基磺酰胺,实验表明其作为酚醛树脂的流平剂和轻水泡沫灭火剂的效果理想。运用IR及¹HNMR对它们进行了表征,二者可把水溶液的表面张力分别降低至18.8mN/m与16.7mN/m,临界胶束浓度分别为5.4×10^-4mol/L与3.0×10^-6mol/L。测定了所合成化合物的表面活性以及乳化、洗涤、分散、发泡、润湿等性能,实验发现全氟辛基磺酸四乙基铵的发泡力强,N-[3-聚醚-3-（二甲氨基）-丙基]全氟辛基磺酰胺的乳化能力较好,N-[3-（氧化二甲氨基）-丙基]全氟辛基磺酰胺去污性能力不很强,但当它与其它表面活性剂如SDS复配时,则表现出较强的去污力。更多还原

【Abstract】 Fluorosurfactant is one of the most effective special surfactants,its particular properties are usually concluded as high surface activity,high heat resistance and high chemical stability;it is hydrophobic and oleophobic.In this thesis,the recent research progress,characteristics,and uses of fluorosurfactants are reviewed.Ten N-alkyl perfluorooctanesulfonamides were synthesized by the reaction of perfluorooctanesulfonyl fluoride with an excess of amines.Their structures were testified by IR and ¹H NMR.The influences of reactants ratio,solvent,reaction temperature and time on the productivity were discussed.The prefer condition determined by test was isopropyl ether,ether,chlorobenzene or acetone as solvent,the ratio of reactants 1:1～2, the temperature 40～80℃,and the time 3～8h.Two new compounds:N-（3-polyether-3-dimethyl aminopropyl）perfluorooctylsulfonamide and N-（3-oxadimethyl aminopropyl）perfluorooctylsulfonamide were synthesized from N-（3-dimethyl aminopropyl）perfluorooctylsulfonamide,they have high surface activity.The lowest surface tension of their aqueous solution are 18.8 mN/m and 16.7mN/m,the critical micelle concentration are 5.4×10^-4mol/L and 3.0×10^-6mol/L respectively.They often have more unique properties and potential applications than other common fluorosurfactants.The applied properties of these fluorosurfactants such as emulsification,washing, decentralization,foaming,wetting etc.were measured.The results showed that Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid tetraethylammonium salt had good foaming property, N-（3-polyether-3-dimethyl aminopropyl）perfluorooctylsulfonamide had good emulsifing capability,N-（3-oxadimethyl aminopropyl）perfluorooctyl sulfonamide had poor washing capability,but excellent result was found when it mixed with SDS.So the fluorosurfactants display a bright application future.更多还原