【作者】 吴军霞；

【导师】 汤庚国；

【作者基本信息】 南京林业大学 ， 植物学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 公园绿地是城市绿地的主体,植物群落是绿地的基本构成单位,合理的群落结构是公园绿地稳定、持续和健康发展的基础,也是公园绿地发挥其最佳生态效益保证。本文以芜湖城市公园绿地相对稳定的45个群落为研究对象,对群落的物种组成、结构特征与物种多样性等进行了调查分析,并对其中11个典型植物群落从视觉质量和生态效益两方面进行了综合评价。最后在在对植物群落调查分析和综合评价的基础上并结合相关研究资料,对芜湖城市公园绿地植物群落生态优化与构建模式进行探讨,具体研究结果如下:1.经调查芜湖城市公园绿地共有维管束植物293种,隶属于93科219属,其中厥类植物6科9属10种,裸子植物5科13属16种,双子叶植物74科167属226种,单子叶植物8科30属41种。属于安徽地区地带性乡土植物的有213种,占所调查样地植物总数的72.70%,表明芜湖城市公园样地植物群落在区系组成上具较强的地带性特征。2.芜湖城市公园绿地45个植物群落可归纳为6种植物群落类型,其中地带性植被类型常绿落叶阔叶混交林较显著,占群落总数的37.78%,表明芜湖市公园绿地植物群落具有较强的地带性特征。3.芜湖城市公园绿地植物群落结构是以乔、灌、草为主的复合群落,群落中灌木层的树种密度远大于乔木层。在调查样地的乔木层中,落叶树种重要值上占优势的样地占调查样地总数的60.00%;在调查样地的灌木层中,常绿树种重要值高于落叶树种的样地占调查样地总数的60.00%。4.在不同公园绿地中,物种多样性分布没有一致性规律:赭山草本层物种丰富度指数最高,而其Simpson指数最低;汀棠公园草本层的丰富度指数最低,其Simpson指数却最高;镜湖公园乔、灌、草各层所研究指数均较低,其次是九莲塘公园;神山、褐山灌木层所研究指数均较高。城市公园绿地群落不同层片上物种丰富度大致呈现草本层＞灌木层＞乔木层,含有自然山林的三所风景区物种丰富度明显大于人工型公园;多样性指数总体上灌木层相对较高;均匀度指数大体表现为乔木层、灌木层＞草本层。5.采用层次分析法对11个公园绿地典型植物群落进行综合评价分析,结果表明,达到Ⅰ级景观质量的植物群落仅为景观分析群落总数的18.18%,同时含有自然山林的风景区植物群落景观的平均综合评价指数明显要好于人工型公园。6.借鉴日本生态学家宫胁昭提出的“环境保护林”建设理念,结合已开始尝试的模拟地带性植被类型建设“近自然森林”的城市绿地建设经验,提出芜湖城市公园绿地生态优化途径,并进一步探讨了芜湖城市公园绿地构建“近自然”群落的模式。更多还原

【Abstract】 The greenbelt of parks is the main urban green space,and plant communi -ty forms basic unit of the greenbelt.Rational plant community structure is fundamental to stable,countinual and healthy development of greenbelt of parks,and is a guarantee for eco-efficiency in greenbelt of parks.In this paper,45 relative stability communities in the greenbelt of Wuhu city parks were studied,the Species composition and ecological structure of communities were analyzed,and so did the species diversity.And 11tipical communities of which were choosed to have a comprehensive evaluation from the visual quality and ecological benefit.Finally, based on the investigation and the result of comprehensive evaluation and relevant researchs,the discussions were given to ecological optimization and construction of the greenbelt of Wuhu city parks.The specific results are as follows:1.There are 293 vascular plants belonging to 219 genus and 93 families in Wuhu city parks,including 10 species(belonging to 9 genus and 6 families)of Pteridophyte,16 species(belonging to 13 genus and 5 families)of Gymnosperms,226 species(belonging to 167 genus and 74 families)of Dicotyledon,41 species(belonging to 30 genus and 8 families)of Monocotyledon.There are 213 zone indigenous plantsbelonging to Anhui,which is about 72.70 percent in all species of investigative range,indicating there are stong zone characteristics in floristic composition of sample communities in Wuhu city parks.2.There are 6 community types in sample communities of Wuhu city parks,and the zone vegetation types of evengreen-defoliation broadleaf forest is distinct,taking 37.78 percent in all types.3.The structure of plant communities is multiple structure combined with arbor,bush and herbaceou on the whole in communities of Wuhu city parks.The species density of bush is denser than the arbor.In the arbor layer,the plots that defoliation trees is dominant in importance value take 60.00 percent in all communities;In the bush layer,the plots that evengreen trees is dominant in importance value occupy 60.00 percent in all communities.4.There are no regularity in different parks of Wuhu city to Species diversit:The richness index of herbaceous layer in Zheshan is highest,but its Simpson index is lowest;The richness index of herbaceous layer in Tingtang is lowest,but its Simpson index is highest;The studied whole indexs in three layers in Jinghu are all lower,next is Jiuliantang;The studied indexs in shrub layer are all higher in Shenshan and Heshan.In different layers,the characteristics of community diversity could be identified as richness index herbaceous layer＞shrub layer＞arbor layer,and the forest parks with natural forests is obviously higher than artificial parks in richness index;Diversity indexs shrub layer is higher; Pielou index arbor and shrub layers＞herbaceous laye. 5.The result of comprehensive evaluation showed the communities withⅠ-gradelandscape quality taked 18.18 percent in all appraisal communities,at the same time,the multifactorial appraisal of the forest parks with natural forests is better than artificial parks.6.Based on the conception of’environmental protection forest’from Japanese ecologist Akira Miyawak,and combined with experience of simulat -ing zone vegetation’s type to build’near-natural’forest by many citys,put forward the approach of ecological optimization in the greenbelt of Wuhu city parks,and discussed further the model of constructing’near-natural’ communities in the greenbelt of Wuhu city parks.更多还原