【作者】 赵黎明；

【导师】 郑殿峰；

【作者基本信息】 黑龙江八一农垦大学 ， 作物栽培与耕作学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 2006-2007年两年时间,以双高（垦农4）、高蛋白（黑农35）和高油（垦农18）大豆品种为试验材料,通过叶面喷施SOD模拟物（SOD_M）、氯化胆碱（Cc）和2-N, N-二乙氨基乙基己酸酯（DTA-6）3种调节剂,比较了大豆花荚脱落情况,改善了大豆植株的生理特性,探讨了植物生长调节剂延缓大豆衰老的生理机制,研究了不同时期下对3种大豆品种的产量和品质的影响。通过本研究,为大豆高产、优质、高效生产中植物生长调节剂施用技术提供理论依据。主要研究结果如下:1 R₁期喷施Cc调节剂可以明显增加大豆花数和荚数,但是其花荚脱落数和脱落率却是3个调节剂中最高的一个;而喷施DTA-6和SOD_M可以有效的降低花荚脱落数以及脱落率,增加产量,其中DTA-6的增产幅度是最高的。2 R₅期喷施SOD_M和DTA-6调节剂明显的提高了Chla、Chlb及Chl（a+b）含量,降低了喷施调节剂初期Chla/Chlb比值;在光合参数上,3种调节剂对叶片的光合速率和蒸腾速率均有所提高,其中DTA-6的调控效果最佳。3 R₅期喷施DTA-6和SOD_M有效的调控了大豆叶片和荚皮的同化物代谢水平,对于叶片而言,SOD_M加快了游离氨基酸输出速率,并与DTA-6共同提高了叶片中的可溶性蛋白质、可溶性糖、硝态氮以及游离氨基酸含量;相比之下,SOD_M明显的增加了夹皮中游离氨基酸的上升幅度,显著的提高了荚皮中硝态氮含量,而Cc则显著的降低了荚皮中可溶性蛋白含量。4 R₅期喷施DTA-6和SOD_M增加了叶片中IAA和CTK含量,提高了SOD、POD以及CAT的活性,减缓了MDA含量的升高。5 R₅期喷施SOD_M明显的提高了根系活力和游离氨基酸的输出量,增加了根系中的硝态氮、可溶性糖以及可溶性蛋白含量;在根系激素调控上,Cc调节剂在喷药后短时间内有效的降低了根系中的ABA含量,并改善了大豆根系内CTK和GA含量,而对IAA含量的改善并不大,随着喷药后时间的延续,SOD_M和DTA-6处理后期的ABA含量才有所降低。6 R₅期喷施DTA-6提高了籽粒可溶性蛋白含量,而SOD_M明显的提高了籽粒中粗脂肪含量;在籽粒激素调控上,DTA-6和SOD_M提高了籽粒中IAA和GA含量,加快了籽粒发育速度,增大了籽粒体积和灌浆强度,延长了籽粒干物质线性增长持续期,其中以DTA-6的调控效果最佳。7 R₅期喷施DTA-6能够明显的降低K₄籽粒中氨基酸总量,提高籽粒中脂肪酸含量,提高H₃₅和K₁₈籽粒中亚油酸含量、亚麻酸含量和棕榈酸的含量,降低油酸和硬脂酸含量;而喷施SOD_M调节剂可以增加H₃₅和K₄的亚麻酸、油酸和硬脂酸含量,提高K₁₈籽粒中亚油酸含量,但是却降低了K₁₈籽粒中油酸含量。8从2006年的产量试验上看,R₅期喷施DTA-6能显著的提高大豆植株荚数、粒数、荚重以及粒重等产量构成因子,且产量增幅高于V₃+R₅期;在品质方面,V₃+R₅期喷施SOD_M和DTA-6均显著的降低了籽粒中脂肪含量。9二○○六年品种试验研究表明,R₅期对3种大豆品种进行叶面喷施处理,其中DTA-6显著的增加了K₄和K₁₈大豆植株的荚数、粒数、荚重以及粒重等产量构成因子;而SOD_M对H₃₅和K₁₈的作用效果较明显。在产量品质方面,作用效果最明显的是K₁₈,其中喷施SOD_M和DTA-6产量显著高于CK,且以DTA-6的产量增幅为最高;品质上除了Cc和DTA-6处理显著的降低了籽粒蛋白质含量外,其余的变化不明显。10二OO七年试验研究表明,在R₃、R₃+R₅、R₅期叶面喷施DTA-6调节剂均显著的增加了大豆K₄产量,其中R₃期是植物生长调节剂作用的最敏感时期;R₃+R₅期叶面喷施Cc调节剂能够显著的增加H₃₅大豆植株高度,极显著的提高大豆株荚重、株粒重和单株重;而在产量上,Cc显著增加了R₃和R₃+R₅期H₃₅籽粒的百粒重、产量以及蛋白质含量,但是从产量增幅角度上看,Cc在R₃期作用效果最强,其次是R₃+R₅期;R₃和R₃+R₅期叶面喷施DTA-6能够显著提高K₁₈植株高度、茎粗、株荚重、株粒重和单株重,降低植株的底荚高度,增加了籽粒的百粒重、产量和脂肪含量,而在品质方面,作用效果最明显的是R₃+R₅期。更多还原

【Abstract】 During the two years of 2006-2007, Field experiments were conducted in 2006 with soybean Kennong4, Heinong35 and Kennong18 as material, and we used three regulators,‘SOD simulation material （SOD_M）’,‘Choline chloride （Cc）’and‘Diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate （DTA-6）’by spraying in R₅ stage. In the experiment, the aim of this experiment was to compare the changes of PGRs on abscission of flower and pod in R₁ stage, investigate the senescence mechanism and differences of physiological characters in soybean plant, research the effects of PGRs on yield structure, yield and quality of soybeans in different stages. It can provide academic theories for the usage of PGRs for higher yield, better quality, and more efficiency production of soybean. The main results were:1 Cc was the highest one of abscission and abscission rate in three regulators, though pods and flowers of soybean can be significantly increased by spraying Cc in R₁ stage. DTA-6 and SOD_M could effectively reduce abscission and abscission rate, increase yield.2 The contents of Chla, Chlb and total chlorophyll were increased with SOD_M and DTA-6, but SOD_M significantly reduced the ratio of Chla/Chlb at spraying initial stage. DTA-6 significantly improved photosynthesis and transpiration rate of soybean leaves.3 DTA-6 and SOD_M could accommodate the assimilation metabolism, expedite the export rate of free amino acids, enhanced contents of soluble proteins, soluble sugar, NO3-N- and FAA in soybean leaves. SOD_M had obviously enhanced the contents of FAA and markedly increased NO3-N- contents of the pod husks, but Cc markedly reduced the contents of soluble protein in pod husks.4 DTA-6 and SOD_M were effective to enhance the contents of IAA and CTK, improve SOD, POD and CAT activities, slowing the increase of MDA.5 SOD_M increased root activities and export rate of FAA, enhanced the contents of soluble protein, soluble sugar and NO3-N- in soybean roots. Cc effectively reduced the content of ABA in a short time, improved the content of CTK and GA. SOD_M and DTA-6 reduced ABA contents at later spraying.6 DTA-6 increased the contents of soluble protein, but SOD_M obviously enhanced crude fat contents of grain in R₅ stage. DTA-6 and SOD_M were effective to enhance the contents of IAA and GA, expedite growth of grain, increase grain volume and filling rate, prolong accumulate time of grain dry weight.7 DTA-6 obviously reduced FAA contents, and increased fatty acid contents of K₄ in R₅ stage. DTA-6 enhanced the contents of linoleic acid, linolenic acid and palmitic acid, but reduced oleic acid and stearic acid contents in H₃₅ and K₁₈. SOD_M increased the contents of linolenic acid, oleic acid and stearic acid in H₃₅ and K₄. Meanwhile, SOD_M also improved linoleic acid contents, but reduced the contents of oleic acid in K₁₈ grains.8 In 2006, DTA-6 significantly increased pod number, grain number, pod weight and other yield structures, yield of R₅ was higher than V₃+R₅, SOD_M and DTA-6 significantly reduced seed oil content in V₃+R₅ stage.9 During the year of 2006, DTA-6 significantly improved pod number, grain number, pod weight and other yield structures of K₄ and K₁₈. However, the effect of SOD_M on protein content was marked in H₃₅ and K₁₈. SOD_M and DTA-6 significantly increased seed yield, effect of DTA-6 was better than SOD_M. Cc and DTA-6 significantly reduced seed protein content, but others were not.10 In 2007, DTA-6 significantly improved seed yields of K₄ in R₃, R₃+R₅ and R₅ stage, effect of R₃ was the best stage. Cc significantly increased height of soybean plant, markedly enhanced the weights of pods, grains and plants. Cc also significantly increased 100-seed weight, yield and protein contents of H₃₅ in R₃ and R₃+R₅ stage, it was effective to enhance seed yields by spraying Cc in R₃ stage. DTA-6 significantly improved increased the height, stem diameter, the weights of pods and grains, and plant weight of K₁₈ in R₃+R₅ stage, DTA-6 also increased 100-seed weight, yield and oil content, but DTA-6 obviously reduced bottom pod height.更多还原