【作者】 李瑶；

【导师】 曹敏花；

【作者基本信息】 东北师范大学 ， 无机化学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 纳米材料由于其独特的物理化学性质,以及潜在的应用价值成为了当今基础研究与应用的热点之一。而半导体纳米材料因其所具有的优异性能在发光器件、非线性材料、光敏感材料、光催化材料等方面表现了出了广阔的应用前景,未来的趋势,半导体的制造技术将进入一个纳米时代。本文综述了纳米材料及半导体纳米材料的研究进展,采用液相化学方法合成了ZnS、InVO₄、BiVO₄三种半导体纳米材料,实现了在合成过程中对尺寸和形貌的调控,主要研究了它们的光催化性质和光致发光性质。1.运用溶剂热条件辅助四元微乳体系（CTAB/水/环己烷/正戊醇）成功地合成出尺寸均匀、单分散性好的ZnS纳米球。探讨了该反应的最佳反应条件及实验参数对产物形貌和尺寸的影响。提出了表面活性剂（CTAB）辅助下ZnS纳米晶自组装形成ZnS纳米球的反应机理。在紫外光照射下,考察了ZnS纳米球降解对硝基苯酚的光催化活性。2.在表面活性剂SDBS辅助下,水热合成了具有介孔结构的InVO₄微米球。根据实验结果,提出了该InVO₄微米球结构的形成机理,并探讨了SDBS的加入量对InVO₄微米球尺寸、形貌及晶型的影响。研究了其固体粉末的UV-Vis漫反射吸收性质、光催化活性以及光致发光性质。3.在水热条件,实现了对具有树枝结构的单斜晶型BiVO₄的成功合成。探讨了不同温度和反应时间对BiVO₄产物形貌及晶型的影响,实现了最佳条件下对单斜晶型BiVO₄的可控合成。更多还原

【Abstract】 Nanomaterials have been the focus of current researches in both fundamental science and industrial application because of their many unusual properties and potential applications. However, semiconductor nanomaterials have potential applications in LBD, non-linear material, light-sensitive materials, and photocatalyst materials, due to their extraordinary performance. In the future, the manufacture of semiconductor will go into a nano epoch. In this paper, we summarized the investigation and development of nano/micro-semiconductor materials, and chemically synthesized ZnS, InVO₄, and BiVO₄ nano/micro-semiconductor materials using solution-based method. We have achieved the control of size and morphology during the synthesis process and studied their photocatalysis and photoluminescence properties.1. Using the solvothermal–assisted microemulsion system （cetyltrimethyammoniumbro- mide/cyclohexayl/1-pentanol/water） we have successfully synthesized monodisperse ZnS nanospheres with uniform size. The best reaction condition and the relative parameters influencing on the experiments have been discussed in details. The formation mechanism that ZnS nanocrystalls self-assemble into ZnS nanospheres has been proposed. The photocatalysis of these ZnS cnanospheres has been investigated by the degradation of p-nitrophenol under UV irradiation.2. In the presence of surfactant SDBS, mesoporous structured InVO₄ microspheres have been hydrothermally synthesized. On the basis of experiment results, the formation mechanism has been proposed and the amount of SDBS that could strongly affect the InVO₄ samples has been discussed in details. We also have studied the UV-Vis DRS, photocatalysis, and photoluminescence of the InVO₄ microspheres.3. Branched structured monoclinic BiVO₄ have been hydrothermally synthesized at different temperatures. The relationship between reaction temperatures/times and morphology/crystal-structure has been studied. By exactly controlling reaction conditions, monoclinic BiVO₄ was synthesized under the best conditions.更多还原