【作者】 付奎；

【导师】 刘韩生； 杨顺玉；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 水力学及河流动力学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 作为水工建筑物中比较重要和常见的一种泄水建筑物,溢洪道的水力特性一直备受水利工程界的关注,做了大量的试验研究并取得了丰富的成果。岗曲河一级水电站位于云南省迪庆藏族自治州境内的金沙江上游左岸一级支流岗曲河上,拦河坝为钢筋混凝土面板堆石坝,考虑到对于土坝、堆石坝以及轻型坝,一般不允许从坝身溢流或大量泄流,故根据地形、地质条件和工程的规模及经济性考虑,选择侧槽溢洪道进行溢流和泄洪。鉴于侧槽溢洪道的关键技术问题在侧槽溢洪道的上游部分,下游部分属于常规技术问题,在所有的溢洪道里都有涉及,故本文集中精力解决侧槽溢洪道的关键问题。本文在原设计方案的基础上,经过多次修改优化,在侧槽末端连接陡槽段并在陡槽段末端设置2m高台堰,可大幅降低弯道段水面线,平均降低4.5m,最大降低5.76m,可节省开挖量;在侧槽内设置消力墩,使得侧槽内水流横向旋流减弱,流态得到明显的改善,水流更加平顺,侧槽断面最大与最小水深的差值百分比最大值由42.10%降为13.44%,但同时弯道段的流态有所恶化。与此同时,台阶式溢洪道良好的消能特性引起了工程界的广泛关注,但在面板坝上修建溢洪道比较罕见,故本文还对台阶式溢洪道的水力特性进行了研究。试验表明,从水力学的角度来看,在面板堆石坝上设置高60cm、宽96cm的台阶溢洪道是可行的,台阶溢洪道具有很高的消能率,对下游没有形成冲淤,但还需要从结构上论证其可行性。本文采用尼古拉兹(Nikuradse)、蔡克士大等的观点,将台阶看作渠道壁面粗糙问题,从而根据蔡克士大等人的明槽试验研究结果,得出台阶坝面滑掠水流水面线公式,与试验资料相验证是相适应的。但总的来说,本文公式是需要建立在大量试验资料基础上的,本文限于试验资料,其适用性和有效性有待于进一步的检验和改进。更多还原

【Abstract】 As one of more important and familiar discharge structure in hydraulic structure, the hydraulic characteristics of spillway has been enjoying the concern of hydraulic engineering field, they have done a great deal of experiment research and acquired a great deal of results.The first step hydropower station in Gang-qu river located on the first order affluent of Jinsha-River’s upper stream named Gang-qu river in Di-qing Tibetan autonomous prefecture of Yunnan province , the dam is reinforced concrete face rockfill dam, considered of fill dam stone, rock-fill dam and light dam generally disallow to overflow flow from the dam body or discharge a great deal of flow, according to the terrain and geology condition, the scale and economy of engineering, chose side channel spillway to overflow and release excessive water. Owing to the key technique problems of the side channel spillway are the upper stream parts of the spillway, downstream parts belong to a conventional technology problem, all have already involved in all spillways, this paper collects the energy to resolve the key problem of side channel spillway. This paper based on the original design project, through many times modification and optimization, setting abrupt slot segment at the end of side channel and 2m height weir at the end of abrupt slot segment, can significantly lower surface line of bend segment, average lower 4.5m, biggest lower 5.76m, can save the excavated volume; Through setting baffle block in side channel , can eliminate transverse rotating flow in the side channel, and improve the flow pattern obviously, make the water surface more smoothly, the max value of difference percentage of maximal and minimal depth of water declined from 42.10% to 13.44% in side channel, but the flow of bend segment is deterioration in the meantime.At the same time, the good energy dissipation characteristic of stepped spillway caused extensive concern of engineering field, but building spillway on the face rock-fill dam is rarer, so this paper has also studied on the hydraulic characteristics of stepped spillway. The text shows that , in the eyes of the hydraulics, setting at 60cm height, 96cm width steps is feasible, stepped spillway has high energy dissipation ratio, there is no scouring and silting in the down-stream, but needs to argue the feasibility from structure.This paper use the opinion of Nikuradse, Cai-Keshida etc,. treats steps as roughness problem, so according the test result of them to acquire the water surface formula, which is apt to the test data. But totally to say, this formula needs to be based on a great deal of experiment data, this paper limits test data, the applicability and validity of which need to be further tested and improved.更多还原