【作者】 王守宝；

【导师】 仵均祥；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 农业昆虫与害虫防治， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究调查了天水地区危害苹果的害虫种类,在明确其主要害虫种类的基础上,于室内条件下,设13℃、15℃、17℃、19℃、23℃、26℃、28℃、30℃和32℃9个温度,研究温度对危害苹果的主要害虫绣线菊蚜的影响,组建了绣线菊蚜的实验种群生命表,研究实验种群参数与温度的关系。结果如下:1.天水地区危害苹果的害虫共有6目40科73种,其中昆虫纲5目38科68种,蛛形纲1目2科5种。天水地区苹果园的主要害虫有5种:山楂叶螨、绣线菊蚜、苹果全爪螨、金纹细蛾和桃蛀果蛾。10种害虫是天水地区过去未见报道的种类:中国梨木虱、山楂绢粉蝶、苹果灰蝶、金环胡蜂、中华豆芫箐、枣尺蠖、斑衣蜡蝉、亚洲玉米螟、棉铃实夜蛾和梨虎象。2. 19℃是绣线菊蚜生长的最适温度,此时其具有最高的内禀增长率0.086及最短的种群加倍时间8.086天。绣线菊蚜的生长发育与温度间存在着极显著的相关性。在一定温度范围内,其发育历期(y)与温度(t)间的关系可用方程y=471.3442/t -7.2753(相关系数r=0.9926,显著水平p=0.0001)来表示,而发育速率(v)与温度(t)之间的关系可用直线方程v=0.0046t-0.0287(相关系数r=0.9948,显著水平p<0.0001)来很好的拟合。绣线菊蚜各发育阶段的发育历期着温度的升高而缩短,发育速率随温度的升高而加快。在15℃-28℃的温度范围内,绣线菊蚜各虫态发育正常,死亡率低。在28℃时9.70天便可完成一个世代,在15℃时则需要24.69天。低于15℃或高于28℃,各虫态的发育明显受到不利影响,死亡率上升。3.不同温度下,绣线菊蚜存活率差别显著。在32℃和13℃,绣线菊蚜均未能完成其若虫阶段的发育。在其正常发育的温度范围内,19℃时蚜虫各龄期的存活率最高,分别为100%,100%,100%,83.33%;15℃时其存活率最低,分别为76.67%,53.33%,43.33%,26.67%。4.绣线菊蚜各龄若蚜发育起点温度分别为7.35℃,6.82℃,6.08℃和7.20℃,其有效积温分别为46.85 d·℃,48.43 d·℃,49.66 d·℃和44.94d·℃;绣线菊蚜全世代发育起点温度为6.40℃,有效积温为214.41 d·℃。更多还原

【Abstract】 This study investigated the pest species of Tianshui apple orchard, and the main pest species in apple orchard of Tianshui were identified. To study the biological characteristics of Aphis citricola Van der,laboratory population life tables were built under the constant temperatures 13℃、15℃、17℃、19℃、23℃、26℃、28℃、30℃and 32℃,and then the biological characteristics of experimental population were studied. The results were following:1. It indicated that there were 6 Orders,40 Families and 73 Species in Tianshui apple orchards,which Insecta have 8 Orders,38 Families and 68 Species,compared 1 Orders,2 Families and 5 Species in Arachnida. Five main pests were found in apple orchard of Tianshui. They were Tetranychus viennensis Zacher,Aphis citricola Van der Goot,Panonychus ulmi(Koch),Lithocolletis ringoniella Mats and Carposina nipponesis Walsingham. In this studied,we found 10 kinds of pest which have not been reported previously. The results are following: Psylla chinensis Yang et li,Aporia crataegi Linnaeus,Fixsenia pruni Linnaeus,Vespa mandarinia Smith , Epicauta chinensis Lap , Sucra jujuba Chu , Lycorma delicatula(White),Ostrinia furnacalis(Guene),Heliothis armigera Hübner and Rhynchites foveipennis Fairmaire。2. The optimum temperature for the development of Aphis citricola Van der Goot was 19℃,in which there was the highest Intrinsic growth rate(0.086) and shortest doubling time for population(8.086 days).The results indicated that there were a significant correlation between development and temperature. In a certain temperature range,the relation between development span (y) and temperature(t) could be described by the formulation y=471.3442/t -7.2753 (correlation coefficient r=0.9926,Significant level p=0.0001 ),and the relation between development rate (v) and temperature(t) could be descript by the formulation v=0.0046t-0.0287 (correlation coefficient r=0.9948,Significant level p<0.0001)With the increase of temperatures,the development durations of Aphis citricola Van der were shorten,when the development rates were accelerated. They could develop normally under the temperatures ranged from 15℃to 28℃. The generation was 24.69 days observed at 15℃,the shortest was 9.70 days at 28℃. If the temperature lower than 15℃or higher than 28℃, the die rate will raise sharply.3. The survival rate of Aphis citricola Van der has a significantly different under different temperatures. The nymph could not developed normally at 13℃and 32℃. The highest survival rate of each instars were 100%,100%,100%,83.33%at 19℃,while the lowest were 76.67%,53.33%,43.33%,26.67% at 15℃respectively .4. The development threshold temperatures and the effective accumulated temperatures required for 1-4 instars of nymphs and whole generation were 7.35℃,6.82℃,6.08℃,7.20℃,6.40℃respectively,and the effective accumulated temperatures for these stages are 46.85 d·℃,48.43 d·℃,49.66 d·℃,44.94d·℃and 214.41 d·℃respectively.更多还原