【作者】 魏吉利；

【导师】 李修炼；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 农业昆虫与害虫防治， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 地黄属玄参科植物(Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch),为常用中药之一。具有滋阴生津、清热、凉血、止血、益精填髓等功效,可用于治疗阴血津液亏虚诸证,是中医临床上应用十分广泛的补益类中药。本研究主要对地黄害虫种群分布及其群落多样性进行了研究,并选用无公害生物农药进行防治试验,为地黄害虫的无公害防治及地黄规范化生产提供了理论依据。研究结果如下:1.汉中地区地黄田间共调查到节肢动物73种,分属于2纲,11目,45科。其中植食性类48种,分属于29科;捕食类19种,分属于10科;寄生类2种,分属于2科;其它类4种,分属于4科。昆虫中,鳞翅目种类最多,其次为鞘翅目。2.田间害虫丰富度指数和优势度指数以鳞翅目最高,多样性指数和均匀度则以同翅目最高。地黄田天敌以膜翅目丰富度和多样性最高,而蜘蛛类的均匀度和优势度最高。昆虫群落多样性的时间动态分析表明,8月份昆虫数量最多,物种数最丰富,多样性最高,个体数最多,均匀度也最高。3.不同时间地黄跳甲和蜘蛛类种群在田间的分布格局均表现为以聚集分布为主。从7月26日至11月2日11次地黄跳甲种群调查结果,M*/M指标、扩散系数C和CA指标分析8次为聚集分布,3次为均匀分布;同期蜘蛛类种群12次调查结果,10次为聚集分布,2次为均匀分布。4.综合分析40%辛硫磷乳油1000倍液、1.8%阿维菌素乳油5000倍液和10%吡虫啉可湿性粉剂5000倍液对地黄跳甲防效好,对天敌影响小,可以作为控制地黄跳甲危害的有效药剂。5.五种杀虫剂对地黄跳甲的毒力由高到低依次为溴氰菊酯>高效氯氰菊酯>辛硫磷>阿维菌素>吡虫啉,说明地黄跳甲对溴氰菊酯、高效氯氰菊酯、辛硫磷最敏感,而对吡虫啉的敏感性最低。6.测定阿维菌素在地黄叶片和根茎的中的残留动态,药后15天残留量分别为0.0134 mg·kg-1和0.0164 mg·kg-1,降解率分别为95.69%和92.42%,满足阿维菌素在食品中最高残留限量国家标准的要求。更多还原

【Abstract】 Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch is the scrophulariaceae plant, one of the commonly used Chinese native medicines. It can not only nourish yin but also help produce saliva. It can clear away heat, help cool blood, stops bleeding, benefits spirits and marrow. It is good for the cool blood body and shortage of body fluid. It is Chinese native medicine of much benefit and has much clinical practice. This research is mainly done on the population distribution and the community diversity of rehmanniae. The research is carried out on the pesticide without social effects of pollution. It has provided the theory basis for preventing and controlling rehmanniae and the standard production. The results are as follows:1. In Hanzhong area 73 kinds of the arthropod are found and investigated, which include 2 classes, 11 orders and 45 families, of which there are 48 kinds of phytophages, belonging to 29 families; 19 kinds of predators belonging to 10 families; 2 kinds of parasitorids belonging to 2 families; there are other 4 kinds belonging to 4 families. Among insects, the Lepidoptera are the most, and next is the Coleoptera.2. The index of richness and the dominance in field harmful insect is highest for the Lepidoptera. The index of diversity and uniformity is the highest among Homoptera. The natural enemy of the rehmanniae is the Hymenoptera which have higher diversity and riches, but the spider uniformity and dominance are highest. The dynamic time of insect community indicates that in August there are large quantities of insects, the richest species, the hightest diversities, the most individuals and the highest uniformity.3. The distribution pattern of rehmannia flea beetle and spider population in the field displays in the pattern of aggregation primarily. Results of rehmannia flea beetle population research indicate that the index of M*/M、C and CA display 8 aggregated patterns, 3 uniform distribution from 26th July to second November. And spider population has 10 aggregated patterns and 2 uniform distributions.4. Synthetic analysis of 40% Phoxim EC 1000x、1.8% Avermetins EC 5000x and10% Imidacloprid WC 5000x are good control effect for rehmanniae and slightly effect natural enemy, so they can act as the effective medicament to control rehmanniae. 5. Toxicity of five kinds of pesticides against the rehmannia flea beetle from high to low in turn are Deltamethrin > High-active Cypermethrin > Phoxim > Avermetins > Imidacloprid. This illustrates rehmannia flea beetle are most sensitive to Deltamethrin, High-active Cypermethrin and Phoxim, but they are less sensitive to the Imidacloprid.6. Determining residual dynamics of Avermectins on leaf and root from rehmanniae, residue is respectively 0.0134 mg?kg-1 and 0.0164 mg?kg-1 after 15 days treatment. The degeneration rate of Avermectins is 95.69% and 92.42% respectively, which accord with the national standards of the highest residue limits in food.更多还原