【作者】 谢争争；

【导师】 牛立新；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 园林植物与观赏园艺， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 唐菖蒲(Gladiolus hybridus)是鸢尾科唐菖蒲属多年生单子叶球根花卉,是世界有名的四大切花之一,由于种球退化严重,导致目前优质的切花种球仍然是依赖进口,未能实现种球的国产化生产。本研究从国外引进新星、金色杰克逊、普丽西拉、马加烈、红怜、蓝精灵、粉佳人、超级玫瑰、夏威夷等9个品种,首先在杨凌栽培种植,观察其品种特性,然后再选择汉中、太白、杨凌三地进行区域栽培试验,旨在为寻找合适的优质种球繁育基地提供一定的试验依据,实现种球的国产化生产。研究结果如下:1.唐菖蒲品种生物学特性的研究结果表明:唐菖蒲各品种的物候期差异显著;花期差异较大;金色杰克逊品种的绿叶期最长达182d;不同品种营养生长期内株高的动力学曲线呈现不同个数的“S”型曲线;马加烈和粉佳人品种的叶绿素含量在蕾期后呈下降趋势,而其余品种在花后呈现急剧下降的趋势;马加烈品种叶片相对宽大,超级玫瑰品种叶片相对狭长;各品种在花和花蕊的特征方面均存在差异。2.在唐菖蒲品种鲜切花栽培区试研究中,以出苗率、发病率以及反映生长势强弱的苗期叶绿素相对含量为评价指标进行比较,结果显示,三个生态区的品种生长势及苗期叶绿素含量差异不大,均能良好生长;利用模糊概率的分析方法对各品种的切花品质做出了合理、全面的评判,结果表明,红怜、蓝精灵、马加烈品种在杨凌的综合指数较高;其余品种的综合指数则以“汉中—杨凌—太白”的顺序降低,比较适宜在汉中生产切花。3.在唐菖蒲种球繁育区试研究中,以种球的外观和种球贮藏物为评价依据,结果显示,三个生态区的种球外观指标值和种球贮藏物含量都随着“太白—杨凌—汉中”的顺序递减;种球繁殖数量的多项指标均以太白较高;子球贮藏物含量也以太白相对较高,且杨凌和太白两地均适合以0.8～1.0cm的子球来繁殖种球;单个植株繁殖数量方面,红怜品种在杨凌略高于太白,其余品种则表现为以太白较高,利用模糊概率的分析方法综合评价结果表明,杨凌比较适合新星和红怜品种繁殖,其余品种则比较适合以太白区域作为繁殖地。更多还原

【Abstract】 Gladiolus (Gladiolus hybridus) is one of perennial and monocotyledonous bulbous flowers, and was one of four famous cut flowers in the world.At present, the best bulbs produced cut flowers were still dependent on import as to serious degradation of bulbs, and failed to achieve domestic production.The study introduced Nova Lux,Jacksonville Gold,Priscilla,Mascagni,Traderhorn,Blue Spirit,Pink Lady,Rose Supreme,Span and Spanic,which were from abroad and were taken as experimental plants for our study.Firstly,they were cultivated in Yangling,and observed their characteristics of cultivars.Secondly,they were cultivated in three zones containing Hanzhong,Taibai and Yangling in order to do zone trail.The result provided a basis for finding the excellent zone propagated bulbs,and then realized domestic production.The results were as follows:1.The results of study on biological characteristic of gladiolus cultivars showed:The phonological phase among gladiolus cultivars showed obvious differences;The blooming period existed obvious differences;The green period of Jacksonville Gold was longest and up to 182;The dynamic growth curve on stem length behaved different and quantitative“S”shape in the vegetative growth;The content of chlorophyii of Mascagni and Pink Lady cultivars behaved a declining trend after bud period,and other cultivars behaved a sharp downward tendency after blooming period;The leaf of Mascagni was relative spacious,and the leaf of Rose Supreme was relative narrow;There had differences in pistil,stamen and flower among cultivars.2.In reginal cultivation of fresh cut flower of gladiolus,the research took germination rate,indence rate and the relative content of chlorophyii responding potential growth as the evaluation indicators,the comparison result showed the growth potential and the content of chlorophyii in seedling stage had little differences in three zones,and all growth better.Then,the study carried comprehensive and corrective evaluation on quality of cut flower through ambiguity-probability,the result showed that the trail zone ascertained the comprehensive index of Mascagni,Traderhorn and Blue Spirit were higher in Yangling,and the comprehensive indexs of other cultivars behaved declining according to the orders“Hanzhong-Yangling-Taibai”,and ensured that Hanzhong was suitable to produce cut flowers.3.In reginal propagation on bulbs of gladiolus,the trail used the appearance of bulbs and the storage of bulbs as the evalution basis.The result showed that,the datas of the appearance of bulbs and the content of storage of bulbs had declined according to the order“Taibai- Yangling-Hanzhong”.The indicators of bulb propagation number were higher in Taibai,and also the content of storage of corm was relative high in Taibai.Yangling and Taibai were suitable to select corm of 0.8～1.0cm for propagation.The numbers of bulb propagation in single plant showed that Traderhorn was higher in Yangling than in Taibai, and other cultivars behaved decreasing according to the order“Taibai-Yangling-Hanzhong”.The research carried comprehensive evaluation on quality of bulb through the analyzing method of ambiguity-probability, and showed that Yangling was suitable for propagating Nova Lux and Traderhorn, and Taibai was adapt to propagate other cultivars.更多还原