【作者】 吴国明；

【导师】 莫童；

【作者基本信息】 上海交通大学 ， 公共管理， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 针对我国农村公共产品供给短缺问题,本文以嘉兴市近年来建设现代新农村、优化农村公共产品供给实践为例,介绍了其主要做法和特点,指出“农村公共产品供给总量不足、覆盖面不广,公共财政投入结构不尽合理、资金使用总体效率还不高,供应主体较少、供求矛盾突出,农民组织化程度偏低、利益诉求渠道不畅,新农村建设规划落实困难”已经成为当前迫切需要解决的普遍性难题。政府失灵是导致我国农村公共产品供给短缺问题的最主要因素,市场失灵的同时存在,又使问题变得更加错综复杂。由此,作者重点分析了影响农村公共产品供给的7个方面因素,认为:确立公共服务理念是基层政府能否依法履职、保障农村公共产品供给的决定性因素;地方经济社会发展水平,尤其是财政收入总量,是基层政府能否保障提供更多更好农村公共产品的约束性因素;决策机制是影响农村公共产品供给是否合理的关键性因素;社会参与(供应主体多元化)程度是农村公共产品供给的支持性因素;等等。当前,增加农村公共产品有效供给,既有利于强化落实国民待遇、促进公共服务均等化,又有利于增强农民收入预期、促进农村消费即期化,还有利于增强农村发展后劲、促进城乡发展协调化。基层政府要因地制宜,量力而行,区分轻重缓急,明确阶段性建设目标任务和工作重点,进一步优化公共财政支出结构。具体对策建议有:一要加快推进政府职能转变,理顺政府与市场关系,提高公共产品供给效率;二要强化政策扶持,促进农村经济持续稳定增长;三要合理配置涉农公共财力,着力优化农村公共产品供给结构;四要落实国民待遇,逐步实现公共产品供给城乡一体化;五要健全工作机制,积极发挥农民主体作用,让农民参与决策、实施全过程;六要加强引导,鼓励全社会力量参与农村公共产品供应。更多还原

【Abstract】 In view of the problems of public goods supply in China’s rural areas, in this paper,Jiaxing City’s practice of building a modern new countryside,to optimize rural public goods supply in recent years,as an example, the author introduce its practice and main characteristics,and point out that "rural public goods less than the total supply, not broad coverage,public financial input structure is not entirely reasonable,and the use of funds overall efficiency is not high,the main supply less,the obvious contradiction between supply and demand,low degree of organization of farmers,interest demands channels are sluggish,planning the implementation of the new rural construction difficulties",has now become an urgent need to address the universal problems.Government failure is the result of China’s rural shortage of public goods supply,the most important factors, market failures at the same time there will also make the issue even more complicated.Thus, the author analyze the impact of the supply of public goods in rural areas of the seven factors that:establish public service philosophy is the decisive factor that grass-roots government can do their duties in accordance with the law to protect the supply of public goods in rural areas;the level of local economic and social development,especially the total revenue,is whether the grass-roots government could provide more and better protection of public goods in rural areas of the binding factor;decision-making mechanisms that affect the supply of public goods in rural areas is reasonable key factors;community involvement (the main supplier diversity) is the extent of the supply of public goods in rural areas with the support factors;etc.At present, increasing the effective supply of public goods in rural areas, will both help to strengthen the implementation of national treatment, and promote the equalization of public services,and will also help to increase their income expectations,and boost rural consumption spot,and will also help to enhance rural development potential,and promote urban and rural areas to develop coordinatedly and sustainablly.The grass-roots government should further optimize the public financial structure of expenditures,with its local plans,the order of priority,clear objectives,tasks and phased construction focus.Specific policy proposals are:First,we must accelerate the transformation of government functions,rationalize government and market relations,and improve the efficiency of the supply of public goods; Second,we must strengthen policy support,and promote the rural economy continued to grow steadily;Third,we must agriculture-related rational allocation of public financial resources,make efforts to improve the structure of the supply of public goods in rural areas;Fourth,we need to implement national treatment,and the progressive realization of the supply of public goods urban and rural integration;Fifth,we must improve the working mechanism,the main farmers play an active role so that farmers can participate in decision-making,implementation of the entire process;Sixth,we should strengthen guidance and encourage the whole society to participate in the supply of public goods in rural areas.更多还原