硐室爆破施工过程危险辨识与评价

【作者】 谭秋盈；

【导师】 柴建设；

【作者基本信息】 首都经济贸易大学 ， 安全技术及工程， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 硐室爆破具有工期短、施工设备简单、用于抛掷爆破时可大大减少岩土的装运量等优点,广泛应用于矿山、铁道、交通、水利、电力、建筑、建材、土地开发中,但是爆破本身属于高危作业,自诞生以来,就伴随着事故的发生,其安全问题越来越受到人们的关注。本文对硐室爆破施工过程安全评价方法及应用进行了研究。本文首先结合硐室爆破自身的特点,介绍了硐室爆破的一些技术参数,然后应用安全系统工程基本知识,对硐室爆破施工过程存在的危险因素进行系统的辨识,并提出了控制措施。根据辨识出的危险有害因素,结合事故理论的综合观点,考虑了施工工艺技术、施工管理、施工控制、客观环境等四个方面的因素,运用定性与定量相结合的层次分析法(PHA)建立了硐室爆破施工安全评价指标体系,对各因素进行了具体的分析,并确定各项安全指标的权重。采用了多级模糊评判模型,将所研究的硐室爆破安全评价方法应用于实际例子中,利用打分法确定了各评价因素的隶属度,结合已确定的各评价因素的权重,通过模糊综合评价计算,得出了该实际例子的安全等级,该评价方法得到的最终结果能够较为客观的反映被评价系统的安全状况。本文研究的硐室爆破安全评价方法不仅把安全科学理论引入到爆破领域中,而且可应用于具体硐室爆破施工安全评价工作中,有一定现实意义。除此之外,还可以对其它类型的爆破工程的安全评价工作起到一定的借鉴作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 The chamber blasting have the advantage that working period is short, the equipments of construction is simple and the used for toss to blow up can reduce the rock soil shipment quantity etc. Now it is widely applied in the mine, railroad, transportation, irrigation, electric power, building, building materials, the land development, but blasting oneself belong to the very dangerous industry , the frequent accidents accompany with it since it appeared. At present, people have taken its safe problem more and more into account. According to it, this paper conducted the research method of the safety assessment method and applied researches of chamber blasting.This text first combines the characteristics of the chamber blasting itself, introduced some technical parameters of it, then use the basic principles of safety system engineering, identified the existent and dangerous factors of the construction process to carry on chamber blasting , and put forward the control measures. According the dangerous and harmful factors that recognized of, combine with the accident theories, consider the four factors of construction technique, the construction to manage, the construction of controlling, objective environment etc., by using a qualitative and quantitative way—Analytical Hierarchy Process(AHP), the chamber blasting safety assessment factors system is established , carried on the concrete analysis to each factor, and define the relative weights of the safety index.Adopting the model of multistage fuzzy mathematics, applying the method of safety assessment method of chamber blasting study in actual example, by the method of giving marks, combining the relative weights of safety assessment gained, through fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, the real safety grade of this example is draw, using the assessment method, the final result can reflect assessment system’s safety state objectively.The research of chamber blasting of safety assessment method in the paper not only lead the safe science theories into the realm of blasting, but also can be apply in the concrete chamber blasting of construction safety assessment work, there is certain realistic meaning. In addition, it is useful for studying the safety assessment of other kings of blasting project.更多还原