【作者】 陈长生；

【导师】 佘致廷；

【作者基本信息】 湖南大学 ， 电气工程， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 煤矿是国家能源的重要组成部分。随着国民经济的快速发展,对煤矿资源的需求量越来越大。自从国外引入电力机车以来,矿用电力机车一直是矿山最重要的运输形式,而目前大部分矿用电力机车都是采用串电阻调速。该方法虽然比较成熟,但是有大量的能源消耗在电阻上,造成能源的极大浪费,这与发展节能经济相违背,所以电机车调速方式的改进是急需解决的问题。随着微机控制和电力电子技术的快速发展,出现了一种先进的调速方式,即直流斩波调速。直流斩波器应用于电力机车调速,节约了大量电能,且实现了电力机车无级连续速度调节,平滑性好,牵引起动力大。本文研究了一种适用于矿用电力机车传动的直流斩波调速系统。在转速、电流双闭环控制系统中,传统的速度获取方法是加装测速发电机或光电编码器,这些方法存在抗干扰能力不强、精度不够和增加系统成本等不足。直流电机无速度传感器控制系统是目前较新的研究热点,本文提出了一种基于扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)算法的电力机车转速在线估计方法,该方法应用于直流电力机车有一定的创新性,弥补了传统速度传感器的某些不足,具有较好的实用价值和应用前景。对于转速的闭环控制,传统的控制方法是采用PID控制,本文将模糊控制理论应用于转速控制,获得了较快的动态响应。本文通过MATLAB建立了EKF速度在线估计的仿真模型和转速、电流双闭环仿真模型,仿真结果证明了本文所设计的系统具有较好的控制效果。在理论研究的基础上,本文采用单片机ADμC832设计了一套直流电机车斩波调速系统,完成了调速系统的软件设计,并完成了硬件电路的调试工作。本文在实现直流调速系统的无速度传感器方面进行了有意义的尝试,并取得了阶段性的研究成果。更多还原

【Abstract】 The mine is the important constituent of the national energy. Along with the fast development of national economy, the demand of mine is more and more big. Since the introduction of electric locomotive from other country, the mine electric locomotive has been the most important transportation form of the mine. Now, however, the most of electric locomotive are use the string resistance for speed modulation. Although this method is quite mature, massive energy was wasted in the resistance, this violates with the conservation of energy, therefore the improvement of the speed modulation method is urgently. As the fast development of the microcomputer controller and the electronic technology, an advanced speed modulation appeared,that is DC chopper. The DC chopper saves massive energy, also realized stepless speed regulation and has big starting power.This paper studied a DC chopper system that suitable for electric locomotive of mine. In the Doulble-Closed loop control system of speed and current, the traditional speed gain method is to install the speed-voltage generator or the optical encoder, this methods has disadvantages, such as the anti-jamming is not strong, the precision is insufficient and increase the cost etc. The Speed sensorless control system of DC motor is now the research hot sport. In the paper, an online speed estimation of electric locomotive was proposed which is based on the extend Kalman filter(EKF) algorithm.The technology applied in the electric locomotive has certain innovation, and has good prospect of application. Regarding the closed-loop control of speed, the traditional control method is PID control, the fuzzy control was applied in this paper, and obtained quick dynamic response.The EKF simulation model and Double-closed loop simulation model has been established, and the simulation results have proved that the system designed in the paper has good control performance. Also, a DC chopper was designed in the paper,and have completed the hardware and software design.In the paper, a significant attempt has been carried out in the sensorless speed regulation of DC motor, and has obtained gradual research results.更多还原