【作者】 安学利；

【导师】 宋雷鸣；

【作者基本信息】 北京交通大学 ， 车辆工程， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 轮轨振动是轮轨辐射噪声的主要因素。本文利用多自由度动力吸振原理和阻尼减振技术设计噪声控制器,降低钢轨振动,从而达到降低钢轨辐射噪声的目的。本文以钢轨和控制器为研究对象,综合运用有限元法、边界元法、实验测试,研究钢轨的动态特性以及钢轨的辐射声场。首先:为了使建立的有限元模型与实际情况更加接近,通过实验测得钢轨以及钢轨安装约束阻尼后,模型的整体阻尼。其次:本文用有限元法建立钢轨模型,进行模态分析,得到钢轨模型的固有频率和模态振型。通过锤击激振,得到钢轨的频响函数,实验得到钢轨的固有频率,结果与有限元计算结果基本一致;通过实验得到控制器对2m钢轨的减振降噪效果,并且建立有限元模型,质量块的个数与实验时控制器壳体中的钢球的个数、质量相同的情况下建立有限元模型,计算得到控制器的减振降噪效果;进而得到钢轨和控制器模型的合理性。再次:对控制器参数(质量块质量、质量块个数、质量块层间刚度、质量块层数)对25m钢轨减振降噪效果的影响分析。最后:对控制器参数进行优化,进而在满足设计要求和约束要求的条件下,得到控制器减振降噪效果最好时,控制器各个参数的取值。根据这些参数重新建立钢轨及控制器模型,计算控制器对25m钢轨的降噪效果。更多还原

【Abstract】 Wheel-rail rolling noise is generated by vibrations of both the rail and the wheel. According to the principles of Multi-degree absorber and damping absorber, the noise controller is designed. The Finite Element Method (FEM)、The Boundary Element Method (BEM) and the test technique are synthetically used to analyze the dynamic characteristic and the acoustic field of rail and controller in this thesis.Firstly: getting damping ratio by testing frequency response function of rail, for the finite elements models of rail and controller are the coincident with the actual model.Secondly: A finite elements model of rail is built in this paper. After modal analysis in MSC.Patran&MSC.Nastran, natural frequencies and modes are gotten, The result of experiment model analysis is coincident to the ANSYS results. Install the controller on the rail, and impulse the rail to test the effect of it. Compared the experimental result with the MSC.Nastran analysis result, the experimental result has a good agreement with the MSC.Nastran analysis result and it shows that the finite elements models of the rail and controller are usable.Thirdly: Analyze the effect of the controller parameters ( the mass of the mass block、the quantity of the mass block、the quantity of the mass block layers、the stiffness coefficient).Finally: Optimize the controller parameters by the tool of ANSYS and iSIGHT, On the condition of satisfaction of restriction, to achieve the minimum displacement of rail then get the best effect of the controller.更多还原