【作者】 骆银河；

【导师】 夏雨人； 徐志忠；

【作者基本信息】 上海交通大学 ， 计算机技术， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 微型角膜刀是眼科准分子激光矫正近视眼手术的关键设备,其控制系统的准确性和可靠性对手术的成功至关重要。目前的国内微型角膜刀的控制系统也只是简单的机械控制,发展的方向就是研究以微控制器为核心,配以信号采集设备和执行设备,并嵌入相应的应用软件,构成微型角膜刀的控制系统。本文首先介绍微型角膜刀在准分子激光矫正近视眼手术中的应用,然后说明其构成和工作原理,以及国内外已有的各种类型,根据实际应用的需要,提出微型角膜刀嵌入式控制系统的基本构成。而后从控制系统的硬件方案设计、软件设计和系统的抗干扰措施三方面进行详细论述。在系统的硬件设计方面,为了实现微型角膜刀的功能,设计了基于微控制器的嵌入式控制系统,整个系统以微控制器为核心,配以真空压力和电压信号的采集处理,同时为了更好便于人机交流,系统还设计液晶显示器以及语音警报装置。作为本系统最终目的是实现驱动电机的运转,所以设计了专用的电机驱动电路。在系统的软件设计方面,为了配合硬件系统实现微型角膜刀的功能,设计相应的控制软件,包括初始化程序,数据采样、显示程序,驱动微型电机运转的专用软件。在系统抗干扰措施方面,由于电磁兼容性对医疗器械的干扰而影响了正常工作,所以越来越注重电磁兼容性问题了,即电磁的抗干扰。为此设计了抗干扰的措施,减少电磁兼容对系统的干扰。并详细论述了本系统中所采取的有关方案。本文设计并实现了以微控制器为基础的微型角膜刀的嵌入式控制系统,应用该控制系统的微型角膜刀已经在多家医院临床应用,其性能稳定可靠。本系统的特点是以微控制器为核心所设计的嵌入式控制系统,成功解决了微型角膜刀的智能化控制的问题,实现微型角膜刀操作的自动化,并对操作过程电机工作电流进行监控,避免了手术过程中可能出现的风险。微型压力传感器、液晶显示屏和语音报警装置的应用,使微型角膜刀的操作更加人性化,手术更安全可靠了。更重要的是为眼科准分子激光矫正近视眼手术提供更加安全可靠的仪器,也使这一手术更安全稳定。更多还原

【Abstract】 The microkeratome is a key device in ophthalmology LASIK surgery, so the accuracy and reliability of its control system is very vital to the surgery. At present its control system is a simple mechanism control. The direction of its control system development is researching microkeratome control system which is composed of MCU ,signal sampling and running device .Firstly the paper introduces the application of microkeratomes in LASIK surgery, then explains its construction , principle and all kinds of applied microkeratomes in the world. Next the paper discusses the design of hardware scheme, software scheme and measure of Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) from three ways.In order to realize the function of microkeratomes , embedded control system is designed on the base of MCU which is the core of control system .It is composed of the parts dealing with vacuum and voltage signal with MCU. For better communication between people and machine, LCD and voice alarm are also put into the system. The circuit is specially designed to drive mini-motors.The software scheme is associated with hardware to realize microkeratome function. The software system includes initiated procedure,date sampling, display procedure and special procedure of driving mini-motors.EMC is a more and more important question to medical device .The paper introduces cause of EMC and measure to reduce EMC. The scheme of EMC is discussed in the control system.The paper has designed and realized microkeratome embedded control system on the base of MCU.Microkeratomes with the control system have been applied in many hospitals.Application results verify that its perfomance is steady and reliable .Characteristic of the system is an embedded control system on the base of MCU.It has successfully resolved the question of intelligent control of microkeratome ,to realize automation operation of microkeartome . Furthermore it has measured the current of one motor to avoid possiple risk in the operation.The application of a press sensor、LCD and voice alarm has made the operation easy ,the surgery more safe and reliable. The most important is to provide a more safe and reliable device for ophthalmology LASIK surgery.更多还原