【作者】 赵慧；

【导师】 吴志超；

【作者基本信息】 同济大学 ， 环境工程， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 通过对浦东新区部分城镇河道的调研发现，新区在经济快速发展的同时，河道水质严重恶化，突出表现在氨氮浓度超标。为达到国家环保模范城市考核指标中“城市水功能区水质达标率>90％，且市内无劣V类水体”的要求，降低水体中氨氮浓度是浦东新区河道整治的关键。借助自然条件下河水水位变化或河道受风浪影响、河岸在水中浸没程度的变化，利用自制的、以颗粒沸石为主体的沸石复合填料进行了实验室研究。实验原理是：复合填料置于河道两岸后，利用沸石的吸附性能及离子交换性能，吸附水体中氨氮；一段时间后，沸石本身富集了高浓度铵离子，同时随着水位的波动，复合填料不断处于浸没于河水．暴露于空气的交替状态，沸石表面将生长生物膜，吸附的铵离子被氧化分解，从而实现沸石的生物再生，达到不断降解水体中氨氮的目的。通过模拟新区实施调水引起的水位变化实验表明，由于浸没．落干频率太低，实验室条件下，不能达到降低出水氨氮的目标。改进实验条件，对系统曝气或提高浸没-落干频率均能够改善出水水质，出水氨氮能够达到地表水Ⅰ类水质标准。由于曝气对现实沸石复合填料应用于河道治理有一定局限性，因此，选择沸石在水体中高频率浸没．落干状态的改变，达到强化去除水体中氨氮的目标。沸石复合填料适合应用于河道水位变化频率较高或受风浪影响的河流，包括黄浦江、苏州河等，浦东新区骨干河道、中小河道在适当条件下可应用。参数优化实验表明，适宜运行参数为在底部进水条件下控制浸没．落干次数为180次／天，浸没-落干比例为1／2。模拟河宽方向实验表明，沸石复合填料在河道中由一侧放置改为两侧放置后，各项污染物指标均有所变化，水质变好。沸石复合填料系统和空白系统对比实验研究结果表明，静态条件下，沸石填料的存在可使水体中氨氮浓度下降速率较快；优化参数条件下，沸石的存在可强化水体中污染物质的去除；高浓度进水条件下，沸石的存在更能够抵抗冲击负荷；当长期高浓度氨氮进水转为低浓度进水时，对系统内的沸石具有再生作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Based on study of rivers in some of the towns in Pudong New Area, it was discovered, along with the fast development of economy, water quality was severely deteriorated, especially the ammonia concentration exceeded criterion. In order to achieve the target of "The ratio of water quality reaching standard in water function cities zones should be above 90%, and water quality worse than grade- V should not exist", which was demanded for the national environmental protection model city, reducing the ammonia concentration in rivers is the most important thing for Pudong New Area at present.With the aid of river water level changing or river bank affected by waves and winds in physical conditions, application of self-made zeolite materials to polluted river water treatment was studied in laboratory. The theory is: Zeolite materials which will adsorb ammonium are put at the river banks, several days later, they will be rich in ammonium in high concentration, with the water level changing, zeolite materials are in the alternating conditions of immersion in river or exposure in air, then zeolite will be covered with biofilm, so ammonium are oxidized to nitrate and transfer to river body, in this way, zeolite materials will be regenerated.By simulating river water level changing arose by transporting water in Pudong New Area, in laboratory scale, the aim of reducing the ammonia concentration could not be achieved, as immersion-descent frequency was low. Based on improvement of experimental situations, both aeration to the system and increase immersion-descent frequency could improve effluent water quality, ammonia concentration could reach the standard of I type water. Since the method of aeration to rivers was limted, so increase immersion-descent frequency was the way at last we chose. Zeolite materials were suitable for rivers with high changing frequency of water level and rivers affected by waves and winds, such as Huangpu River, Suzhou River, etc; plus main rivers, medium and small rivers in proper conditions. The experimental results showed that proper operational conditions with influent water fed below the reactor were achieved under immersion-descent frequency 180 times per day and immersion-descent ration 1/2. Water quality was improved when zeolite materials were put at two sides of the river bank. The treatment characteristics of the system with and without zeolite materials were investigated. Under static state, decreasing velocity of ammonia was fast in system with zeolite materials. Under operational conditions, system with zeolite materials had a higher removal efficiency of pollutants, and a strong resistant against shock; when high conceration influent transformed into low conceration influent, biological zeolite will be regeneted.更多还原