【作者】 王瑞洲；

【导师】 董翠香；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 法学理论， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 公司是最典型的企业法人,是社会经济活动中最主要的主体。公司在社会经济生活中作用的发挥,以公司的有效存在为前提和基础,这就需要公司设立法律制度的不断健全与完善。公司设立是创立公司的一系列法律行为的总称,是指公司设立人为组织公司并取得法人资格而按照法律规定的程序与条件所采取、完成的一系列法律行为的总称。公司设立既是一个程序问题,也是一个实体问题。公司设立过程中进行的一系列设立行为必然与发起人、成立后公司和第三人产生利益上的关联,因此,对因公司设立所产生的民事责任的承担加以研究和规制就成为立法和现实之必需。本文系统地探讨了公司设立民事责任的基本理论和理念,并对我国公司设立民事责任的完善提出立法建议。全文除了引言和结语外,主干分为五个部分:第一章:公司设立一般法理研究。这是全文的基本理论基础,分别从四个方面进行了论述:其一,运用比较和分析的方法,对公司和公司设立作了全面科学的界定。其二,运用历史和逻辑的分析方法,探寻了公司设立原则的历史发展轨迹。从早期的自由成立原则到现代各国确立严格准则主义原则,虽然道路漫长悠远,却是社会经济的发展和法制进步使然。对公司健康有序地走完设立过程、最终平等地进入市场十分必要。其三,从法哲学角度分析了公司设立的价值取向,明确立法者在不同的时期对交易安全和经济效率两种价值取向的侧重和平衡,以达到公司、股东和债权人利益的兼顾和社会利益的最大化。其四,从民事责任的一般原理到公司设立民事责任的特殊表现,对公司设立民事责任作简单概述。第二章:设立中公司的民事责任。设立中公司是一种具有自身特性的非法人团体,具有有限人格,在一定范围内承担法律责任。在简要介绍设立中公司的含义、法律性质的基础上,从公司有效设立后的民事责任、公司设立失败后的民事责任两个方面,论述了设立中公司的民事责任承担问题。第三章:公司瑕疵设立的民事责任。公司设立瑕疵是指公司的设立行为不符合法律规定的实体要件和程序要件,但公司取得了法人资格的情形。从瑕疵设立的概念、表现形态入手,重点论述了出资瑕疵股东对公司的未交纳出资责任,对其他股东的违约责任和对公司债权人的侵权责任的承担;并且对在瑕疵设立过程中的另一个责任者,验资机构的民事责任作了理论和实践的探讨。第四章:公司设立无效及相关民事责任。鉴于我国没有明确规定公司设立无效制度,在借鉴分析其他国家相关制度的基础上,探析公司设立无效制度及其相关民事责任。公司设立无效是指公司的设立在形式上已经完成,己取得营业所需要的所有法律文件,但由于在设立条件和程序上存在实质性缺陷,故法律上认为该公司法人资格应为无效。公司设立无效即产生否定公司成立的效力,但为维护交易安全和经济秩序,同时应赋予确定无效的效力虽及于第三人,但并无溯及力的。本文认为,公司设立无效应依法进行清算,公司设立所产生的对外民事责任首先以公司财产清偿,公司财产不够清偿的,由发起人连带清偿;对内有过错的股东或发起人应向无过错股东或发起人承担损害赔偿责任。第五章:我国公司设立民事责任制度的完善。结合本文以上的研究心得和体会,在分析我国公司设立民事责任存在问题的基础上,提出我国公司设立民事责任完善的立法建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 As important subject of market economic, corporation is a typical enterprise juristic person. Its valid establishment is propitious to corporation play an important role in social and economic life. Corporation’s establishment includes a series of legal behavior. It is not only a procedure problem, but also a substantial problem. Because of this series of legal behavior is related to the interest of founder-member, corporation and the third person, it is necessary to research and regulate the liability of corporation’s establishment.The dissertation pays attention to the basic theories and concepts of corporation’s establishment and gives some legislative advice. The dissertation comprises five chapters:Chapter 1 as the theoretic foundation of the dissertation explores the general theory of corporation’s establishment. This chapter consists of 4 part: The first part defines corporation’s establishment scientifically by comparing and analyzing; The second part tracks the history of principles of corporation’s establishment, from early liberalism to modern strict criterion; The third part focuses on the value of corporation’s establishment according to jurisprudential analysis. In different period, legislator emphasize particularly on or balance to security of dealing for interest among corporation, shareholder, creditor and society; The forth part briefly summarizes liability of corporation’s establishment by thinking the general civil liability and its characteristic.Chapter 2: Civil liability in establishment of the company. The company under establishment is an illegal group with its own characteristics .It accepts legal responsibility. After a brief introduction of the definition and legal quality of company under establishment, the thesis discusses the undertaking of civil liability by a company either after its establishment is valid or invalid..Chapter 3: discusses the problem of flaw establishment of corporation, which means the behavior of establishment lacks legal substantial and procedure condition, yet the corporation acquires the juridical person qualification. Starting from the concept and manifestation of flaw establishment, the thesis mainly discusses the flaw shareholder’s viability to fulfill capital to the company, his contract-breaking liability to other shareholders, and his liability if he infringes upon other creditor’ s rights. Besides, the thesis also analyzes civil liability of the capital-checking organ both theoretically and practically.Chapter 4: focuses on invalidation of corporation’s establishment and liability. There isn’t system of invalidation of corporation’s establishment in our current law. We need reference overseas system to understand this problem. Invalidation of corporation’s establishment means a formally fulfill corporation which has no legal personality because of substantial defect in condition of establishment and procedure. Invalidation of corporation’s establishment denies the effect of establishment. In practice, for security of business and economic order, the company law should go into the effect on the third person. However, it should not retroactivity. In my opinion, invalidation of establishment should bring to account according correlative law. Liability of establishment of corporation should be firstly discharge by corporation’s possession and inadequate parts should be related discharge to founder-member.Chapter5 discusses the improvement of liability of corporation’s establishment. In the chapter, the dissertation gives some advice to improveliabilities of establishment by thinking existent problems of liability of corporation’s establishment.更多还原