【作者】 郭兴堃；

【导师】 胡小娟；

【作者基本信息】 湖南大学 ， 国际贸易学， 2007， 硕士

【副题名】以中国制造业为例

【摘要】 随着国际新型分工的进一步深入,国际外包发展迅速,中国制造业通过大量承接国际外包促进了经济快速发展,但也对制造业的出口商品结构、比较优势以及国际竞争力产生了影响。本文从理论与实证两方面重点关注我国制造业承接国际外包的水平以及承接国际外包对我国制造业的影响,为制定科学的外包政策提供依据。理论方面,首先利用2*2生产模型对不同部门不同类型的四种情况进行分析,结果表明,四种国际外包皆产生于比较成本优势和规模经济,其作用体现在承接国等成本曲线的斜率和位置的变化;而不同点在于劳动部门的劳动密集型外包可能导致陷入“比较优势陷阱”和导致贸易摩擦,资本部门的资本密集型外包对我国改善贸易结构、提升核心竞争力和模仿能力以及价值链的攀升都具有重大意义;其次分析承接国际外包对要素禀赋和比较优势的影响,发现承接大量的外包使得我国出口商品的总要素密度发生变化,于此同时我国的比较优势也受到承接外包的影响。实证方面,首先采用投入产出矩阵法测度我国1997年和2002年制造业部门承接国际外包水平,结果表明,从部门分类看,我国制造业各部门承接国际外包水平不一,发展速度差异较大。机械工业、化学工业一直保持了较高的承接水平,而服装皮革羽绒及其它制品业与食品制造及烟草加工业一直处于较低水平;从要素分类看,资本技术密集型部门承接国际外包水平最高,资本密集型部门增长最快;从进口中间投入和总产出看,资本技术密集型的部门承接外包更多的是依赖进口国外的中间投入,劳动密集型部门承接外包更多是依赖本土采购。其次把承接国际外包水平与我国制造业发展相联系,通过对比同期RCA与TC指数分析承接国际外包对我国制造业的影响,结果表明,承接外包水平与比较优势是相互依存,相互影响的关系;而对产品国际竞争力的影响不显著。最后在理论分析和实证分析的基础上,从三个方面对我国承接国际外包提出具体的政策建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 With international division’s deepening, the undertaking of international outsourcing makes China’s manufacturing develop rapidly, but also impacts the trading pattern, comparative advantages and international competitiveness. This paper analyses the level of outsourcing-undertaking and its impacts, based on theoretical and empirical aspects.On theoretical aspect, firstly, we use 2*2 production model to analysis the different departments of four different types of outsourcing, the results show that all the four have been abided by the comparative advantages and the scale economies, and they all impact the location and the slope of the cost curve; but the differences are the labor department’s labor-intensive outsourcing could lead into a "comparative advantages traps" and make trade friction, the capital department’s capital-intensive outsourcing could improve trading pattern, enhance core competitiveness and ability to imitate, and help climbing the value chain. Secondly, we analysis the impact of outsourcing-undertake to the endowments and comparative advantages, we find outsourcing-undertake changes the total factor density and the comparative advantages of manufactured productsat the same time.On empirical aspect, firstly, we use the input-output matrix method to measure the level of outsourcing-undertaking of China’s manufacturing in 1997 and 2002, the results show that, view from the sectors, China’s manufacturing sectors have different levels and different speeds, for example, machinery industry, the chemical industry have been at a high level, eiderdown clothing , leather products industry , the food manufacturing and tobacco processing industry have been at a low level; view from the factor density, capital & technology intensive sectors has been at the highest level, and capital-intensive sectors develops fastest; view from intermediate imports and total outputs, capital & technology intensive sector is more likely to dependent on foreign intermediate imports, and the labor-intensive sector is more likely to dependent on local intermediate. Secondly, we contrast the RCA index and the TC index to the outsourcing-undertaking level at the same period, the results show that the outsourcing-undertaking level and the comparative advantage are inter-depended and inter-influenced; but outsourcing-undertaking level has no notable impact to the international competitiveness. Finally, under the previous theoretical and empirical analysis, we present four policy recommendations about outsourcing-undertaking.更多还原