【作者】 陈鹏；

【导师】 陈放；

【作者基本信息】 四川大学 ， 植物学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 生物柴油（BDF）是一种清洁含氧燃料，具有可再生、易于生物降解、燃烧排放的污染物比石化柴油的低、基本无温室效应等优点。生物柴油是脂肪酸甲酯的混合物，可通过动植物油脂经酯交换反应或酯化反应来获得。研究和实践证实，得自于动植物油脂的脂肪酸甲酯在燃烧特性上与石化柴油的各项指标非常接近。因此其可单独或与石化柴油混合在柴油机中使用。常用制备生物柴油的方法是转酯化反应，有碱催化法、酸催化法、酶催化法和超临界法。本研究采用工业上常用的催化时间较短，反应速率较快的碱催化法来制备麻疯树油、青刺果油、乌桕油以及油茶油所对应的生物柴油。由于生物柴油油料植物的选择是多样化的，选择合适的油料植物就显得尤为重要。本研究通过对产于西南地区的四种油料植物油分的理化性质及它们的生物柴油脂肪酸组成进行分析，找出适合作生物柴油植物原料油的特点。实验结果显示麻疯树油、青刺果油、乌桕油、油茶油的杂质含量都在0.5％以下，水分及挥发物含量都在0.2％以下；青刺果油、乌桕油、油茶油的酸值都低于麻疯树油的9.7235，油茶油的酸值为2.5638，基本不用经过原料油的预酯化便可直接进行酯化；GCMS分析四种植物油原料油所对应的生物柴油，结果显示十六碳和十八碳的脂肪酸占了其脂肪酸组成的绝大多数；青刺果油和麻疯树油生物柴油的脂肪酸组成和含量都很接近，特别是十六碳和十八碳的脂肪酸组成，麻疯树油C_16：0，C_18：0，C_18：1，C_18：2的含量分别为15.13％，5.85％，36.53％，41.20％，青刺果油C_16：0，C_18：0，C_18：1，C_18：2的含量分别为16.49％，7.80％，40.23％，34.49％；四种植物油的生物柴油在CN值，碘值上相差不大。生物柴油油料植物的选择是广泛的。理化性质及脂肪酸的组成结果显示，四种植物原油都适合做生物柴油的原料油。较低的酸值以及水分和挥发物的含量；较少的含氮、硫元素等高分子物质含量；十六碳以上的直链脂肪酸占多数的脂肪酸组成都是适合作生物柴油原料油的特点。此外，生物柴油油料植物的选择还应考虑油料植物的生长周期、生长条件、产量、分布等因素。更多还原

【Abstract】 Bio-diesel is one kind of clean fuels containing element of oxygen, having the merits of regeneration, easy biological decomposability, pollution emission lower than mineral petroleum and almost no greenhouse effect. Bio-diesel consists of mixture of different fatty acid methyl ester which is gotten through esterification from animal or plant oils. Correlative research and practice attest the characteristics of bio-diesel resemble these of mineral diesel. So bio-diesel could be used separately or mixed with mineral diesel by diesel-engine.Because of the diversity of choosing the right plants for production of bio-diesels, it is important to select the suitable plants. In this paper, I Analyzed the main physical chemistry characteristics and use GCMS to analyze the fatty Acids of the seed oil of Jatropha Curcas L., seed oil of Sapium sebiferum, seed oil of Prinsepia utilis, seed oil of Camellia oleifera abel and their bio-diesel fuels to find out characteristics of potential plant oils that are suitable for further production of bio-diesel based on seed oil of Jatropha Curcas L.Experiment results revealed that relative impurities contents of seed oil of Jatropha Curcas L., seed oil of Sapium sebiferum, seed oil of Prinsepia utilis, seed oil of Camellia oleifera abel were all under 0.5％and relative volatiles contents were under 0.2％; The acid numbers of seed oil of Sapium sebiferum, seed oil of Prinsepia utilis, seed oil of Camellia oleifera abel were lower than seed oil of Jatropha Curcas L.’s.（ 9.7235）,needing emphasize was that the acid number of seed oil of Camellia oleifera abel is 2.5638, basically needs no beforehand disposal of esterification before production of bio-diesel. Use GCMS to analyze corresponding bio-diesels of these four plant raw oils, results shows that C₁₆ fatty acids and C₁₈ fatty acid account for most of acid composition. The proportion of C_16:0, C_18:0, C_18:1, C_18:2 fatty acids are similar or closed. The respective contents of C_16:0, C_18:0, C_18:1, C_18:2fatty acids in seed oil of Jatropha Curcas L. are 15.13％, 5.85％, 36.53％, 41.20％while respective contents of C_16:0, C_18:0, C_18:1, C_18:2fatty acids in seed oil of Prinsepia utilis are 16.49％, 7.80％, 40.23％, 34.49％; discrepancy of the CN number and iodine number among these four oils is small.My research reveals that the choices of right plants for preparation of bio-diesel are extensive and the four sorts of plant seed oils are all suitable for the production of bio-diesel according to the characteristics of physical chemistry and composition of fatty acid and the characteristics of plant oils which is suitable for preparation of bio-diesel, including low acid number and water- volatiles contents, small amount of matte which comprise element of Sulfur and Nitrogen, no-forfication fatty acid above C₁₆ account for most of fatty acids content in plant oils. However, choosing the right plants which are suitable for preparation of bio-diesel should Consider the growing cycle, growing conditions, yields and distribution of the plants.更多还原