【作者】 陶成；

【导师】 陈永革；

【作者基本信息】 四川大学 ， 法律， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 随着党中央提出的“依法治国，建设社会主义法治国家”治国方略的实施，“国家尊重和保障人权”正式写入了宪法，作为社会特殊弱势群体和特殊公民的罪犯权利问题，已经成为衡量一个社会、一个国家法治水平的标尺之一，罪犯权利保障程度可以检测出一国人权保障的水准，还可以检测出一国的人道文明程度。本文由一个案例分析入手，引出了罪犯作为特殊的弱势群体，当罪犯自身合法权利受到监狱侵害时，维护自身权利容易受到监狱及监狱民警的重重障碍，其维护自身合法权利有时比较困难，说明罪犯权利在理想和现实之间还有较大的差距。本文首先界定了罪犯权利和罪犯权利保障，分析了罪犯权利的特点，论证为什么要保障罪犯权利。接着对比了英美法系和大陆法系罪犯权利及其保障情况，总结了两大法系关于罪犯权利保障的特点。文章研究了中国罪犯权利保障的历史演变和当前的情况，肯定了中国罪犯权利保障在立法、执法、社会保障等方面取得的较大成绩，特别是《中华人民共和国监狱法》颁布，在我国监狱法制建设和罪犯权利保障上具有里程碑的意义。文中重点研究分析了我国罪犯权利保障上存在的问题，立法上由于宜粗不宜细之失误，缺乏系统性思维，过分偏重监狱权利设置的原因，执法上监狱民警文化素质较低，执法水平不高，罪犯权利无程序保障的原因，检察监督对罪犯权利保障缺乏及时性、有效性原因和人大、政协及社会团体等监督力度弱等各方面原因，我国罪犯权利保障还存在《监狱法》无专门一章规定罪犯权利义务、与国际公约还不协调，侵犯罪犯合法权利的事件还时有发生等问题。本文最后提出了要健全和完善监狱罪犯权利的法律体系，其中重点是修改《监狱法》，保障罪犯权利的程序化的设置，建立全方位的罪犯权利救济制度和加强执法保障等一系列罪犯权利保障方案，并不揣冒昧试拟一份《监狱法》修改建议稿(罪犯权利部分)，以供立法机关修改《监狱法》和学术界深入研究提供参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the application of "rules the country by law, construct the socialism country under the rule of law" strategy proposed by the CPC central committee, the legal article that the country respects and safeguards human rights" have been written in the constitution officially. The question to safeguard the human rights of criminals, a special weak social group, has been a ruler for a society, a country to measure its civilized degree, the degree of protecting criminal’s right can not only examine a country’s human rights standard, but also a country’s civilized degree. The article obtains by a case analysis and draws out that when the criminal’ s own lawful right received by the jail violation, they want to regard their own rights but it’s easy to receive the barriers from the jail and the jail police, as the special weak trend community, sometimes it’s difficult to defend their own lawful right. It explained that there also has been a big disparity between the ideal and the reality about the criminal’s right. The article has first limited the criminal’s right and the safeguard of criminal’s right, analyzed the characteristics of the criminal’s right and why to prove the rights safeguard of the criminal. Then the article has contrasted the criminal’s right and the safeguard situation of it between the British & American legal system and the mainland legal system, and summarized the characteristics of the two big legal systems about the safeguard of criminal’s right.This article has studied the historical evolution and the current situation of the safeguard of criminal’s right in China and definite the large results of safeguard of criminal’s right in China which has aspect on legislation, law enforcement and social security obtained. Especially it has the milestone significance on the legislative work of the jails and the right safeguard of the criminals in our country that the People’s Republic of China Prison law has promulgated. The key of the article is that it researched and analyzed the question about safeguard of criminal’s rights existing in our country , It is because of that exists faults on legislates suitable thick not suitable thin, lacks the systematic thought, stresses the jail right establishment excessively ,and because of that the jail police culture quality is low, the law enforcement level is not high, the criminal’s right non-procedure safeguard in the law enforcement, and because of that the examination supervises to the safeguard of criminal’s right lacks timeliness, the valid reason and National People’s Congress, the Political Consultative Conference and the social group and so on the surveillance dynamics weak, that it also exists some questions about safeguard of criminal’s right in our country, such as it has not one special chapter to stipulate the criminal’s rights and obligations in the Prison law and the Prison law is partly uncoordinated with the international joint pledge and the event that encroaches upon the criminal lawful right.The article finally proposed that if want to perfect legal framework about the criminal’s right of the jail, it is important to revise the Prison law, safeguard the sequencing establishment of the criminal’s right ,establish the omni-directional relief system of the criminal’s right and strengthen a series of safeguard of criminal’s right plan about the law enforcement safeguard. The writer ventures to draw up a tentative plan about the Prison law to revise the suggestion manuscript (criminal’s right part), and supplies to revise the Prison law for the legislature and provides the reference to research for the academic circles.更多还原