【作者】 王瑶；

【导师】 李浩；

【作者基本信息】 四川大学 ， 诉讼法学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 作为技术证据时代的典型标志，视听资料是随着现代科学技术的发展，依据最先进的科学原理，采用最新科学技术成就所产生的高精尖仪器与设备，对案件相关事实的记录与再现。作为我国三大诉讼法新规定的独立的证据种类，视听资料无论是在基础理论方面，还是在司法实践的运用方面，都存在着定性模糊、缺乏可操作性等缺陷。本文从视听资料的基本学理性问题入手，分析比较国内外视听资料制度的现状，具体探讨视听资料形成、收集和审查三个阶段应注意的理论和实践问题，澄清一些模棱两可的认识误区，使得能够对视听资料有一个整体的把握。全文除前言和结语外，共分为六个部分。第一部分为视听资料的学理性问题研究。首先介绍了我国学术界对视听资料内涵的各种不同定义，引出视听资料内涵所应包含的内容，并在此基础上给出笔者对视听资料的定义。其次介绍了视听资料作为一种独立的证据种类所具有的不同于其他证据种类的特征，包括其积极方面的特征和消极方面的特征。再次根据不同的分类标准，对视听资料进行不同类型的分类，以便后文对视听资料的深入研究做铺垫。最后为了深化对视听资料的理性认识，进一步区分了视听资料类证据与其他种类证据的区别。第二部分为国内外对视听资料的研究现状。本部分分为两个方面，首先是介绍了我国现行视听资料制度的立法和司法实践现状，指出当中存在的不足和问题，并进而分析了导致这些问题产生的原因。其次是介绍了国外视听资料制度的现状，主要是从对两大法系主要国家的做法进行介绍和分析，指出了它们之间的共通之处。第三部分为视听资料证据的合法性界定。首先指出视听资料与视听资料证据是两个相互区别的概念，视听资料是一般的事实存在，不要求具有证据的特征；而视听资料证据是一种法律存在，是受诉讼法评价的证据种类。其次对如何界定视听资料的合法性进行判断分析，将人们的行为分为合法行为、中性行为和违法行为三种，国家机关的行为必须为合法行为，而对于公民个人的行为允许其有合法行为和中性行为两种。第四部分为视听资料的形成，该部分也是本文予以重点阐述的内容。首先分析视听资料形成合法性的判断标准，认为对视听资料形成合法性的判断应分为两个步骤，并按顺序进行。其次分析了以公开方式形成的视听资料，以这种方式形成的视听资料一般可以直接作为证据使用。最后重点分析了以秘密方式形成的视听资料，分为国家机关以秘密方式形成的视听资料和公民个人以秘密方式形成的视听资料两种情况，并分别对它们的采信进行了评价。第五部分为视听资料的收集。首先明确视听资料的收集与形成是两个不同的概念，是处在两个不同的时间阶段的。其次阐述了视听资料收集的方式和合法性要求，对收集过程中司法机关工作人员的行为进行了具体的规定，具有可操作性。第六部分为视听资料的审查。作为运用视听资料的最后一个重要阶段，首先归纳了视听资料的审查原则，并详细说明了排除原则。其次介绍了需要对视听资料进行审查的各个方面，包括了实体方面和程序方面的内容。最后作为补充，介绍了几种视听资料的审查方法。更多还原

【Abstract】 Symbolized as the technical evidence time, the audio-visual material can record and reappear the fact that is related to the case, with advanced scientific principles and modern equipments. As independent evidence type is written in our lawsuit system, the audio-visual material have some disadvantages such as confused in definition, lack of maneuverability and so on, not only in the aspect of basic theory, but also in the aspect of judicial practice. This article starts with elements of audio-visual material, compared with two legal systems to audio-visual material, discussed many academic and practical problems in the different phases about audio-visual material. The whole article besides the foreword and the conclusion, altogether divides into six major parts.The first chapter illuminates some research on essential theories about audio-visual material. First the author introduces multi-definition of audio-visual material in our country, and set out his definition of audio-visual material. Next it compares the audio-visual material with other evidence, and highlights its special characteristic connotation. Again according to different standard, the audio-visual material is divided into disparate types. Finally in order to deepen cognition about audio-visual material, the author lists differences between audio-visual material and other evidence.The second chapter is about audio-visual material’s research actuality. This chapter is divided into two elaborations. The first part introduces legislative and practical actuality about audio-visual material in our country’s legislation. The second part introduces research actuality about audio-visual material in overseas, and the narration audio-visual material constructs in each legal system’s legislation with the practice.The third chapter is about audio-visual material’s validity verdict. First the author points out audio-visual material and audio-visual material evidence are two distinct notions. Audio-visual material is a kind of virtual exists, but audio-visual material evidence is a kind of legal exists. Next the article analyses how to judge validity of audio-visual material, and divides people’s behavior into legal, illegal, and neutral. The organs of state must be practice legal, and the person can be practice legal he neutral.The fourth chapter is about audio-visual material’s form, and this chapter is an important content in this article. First the author analyses the legal standard of audio-visual material, and considers that judge audio-visual material’s validity should proceed in order. Next the article analyses audio-visual material that is formed in public, and this kind of audio-visual material can be used as evidence directly. Finally the article analyses audio-visual material that is formed in secret, and this part is divided into two portions.The fifth chapter is about audio-visual material’s collection. First it points out the form of audio-visual material and the collections of audio-visual material are two different notions. Next it expounds mode and validity of audio-visual material’s collection, and prescribes the behavior of national public servant in detail in the course of collect.The sixth chapter is about audio-visual’s examination. As the last important phase of audio-visual material, the article sums up audio-visual material examination principle, and proposes remove principle in detail. Next the author introduces all sides of examination. Finally as a supplement, the author introduces some kinds of examination method about audio-visual material.更多还原