【作者】 蔡逸飞；

【导师】 徐建生；

【作者基本信息】 武汉工程大学 ， 机械电子工程， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 纳米金属铜作为一种新型的润滑油添加剂材料，由于比传统的润滑添加剂具有更为优异的抗磨减摩性能、热氧化安定性和抗腐蚀等特性而被广泛应用在摩擦学领域，其制备及应用研究越来越受到人们的重视。本文综合胶体化学、界面化学和纳米技术，研究了在微乳液体系中还原制备纳米金属铜粒子的方法和工艺；考查了纳米铜在润滑油中的摩擦学性能；对纳米金属粒子在润滑油中的抗磨减摩机理提出了自己的见解，建立了以纳米粒子和表面修饰剂组成的微单元为核心的抗磨减摩模型。主要研究成果和结论：1．借助微乳液体系中的“微反应器”成功制备出了粒径分布在20 nm左右、分散性良好的纳米铜颗粒。分别从表面活性剂的配比、反应顺序、反应物浓度、微乳液的分散方法及温度等方面，研究在该体系下制备纳米金属铜的适宜工艺条件。最终反应出了纳米铜润滑油添加剂16。2．研究了纳米铜添加剂16的摩擦学性能。结果显示，按质量分数5％添加16配制成的复合纳米润滑油16／HL68、16／HL46分别比基础油HL68和HL46的P_B值提高了34.95％和23.47％；其摩擦系数分别下降了78.3％和53.8％；在高速重载条件下16／HL68还出现了负磨损现象。3．提出了纳米铜粒子的两种可能的润滑机理：①纳米铜粒子不是单独分散在基础油中，而是被表面活性剂包裹着形成类似纳米“单元球”的形态分散在油中，这种具有弹性球体结构使得纳米颗粒既具有易错动的性质又具有较高的承载能力；②摩擦产生的局部高压高温使部分纳米金属铜以熔融状态附着在摩擦副表面，起到隔离作用从而减小摩擦磨损。更多还原

【Abstract】 The nano copper particles, as a new lubrication additive material, have been used widely in tribology for its excellent antiwear properties, thermal stability and corrosion resistance as compared with conventional additive. As a result, more and more people take an active in doing research on the preparation and application of nano copper. In this thesis, the oil-soluble nano copper particles were prepared by chemical reduction in the microemulsion base on collochemistry, surface chemistry and nanometer material technology. And the tribological properties of the nanophase copper in lubricating oil were investigated also by tribology testing. The mechanism of antifriction of the copper nanoparticles as lubrication additive was presented by the author: The copper nanoparticles were dispersed in the base oil by means of coating with the surface-activators instead of bare copper particles, and the "elastic microballoon sphere cells" were composed with copper nanoparticles as the center of sphere and surface-activators as the surface layer. The main research production comprised three parts as below:1. The nano copper particles which sized about 20nm with a small partition of conglome-ration were obtained by chemical reduction in the microemulsion. The proper technology condition of preparation was studied in terms of activator, reaction sequence, solution concentration, scatter operation and temperature. The nanophase copper lubricant additive I6 was prepared eventually.2. The tribological properties of the nano copper additive I6 were studied by means of friction test, and the results indicated that I6 additive performed excellent wear resistance effect. It shows that I6 makes the base oil HL68 and HL46 have an increase of 34.95 percent and 23.47 percent in terms of P_B respectively, and have a decrease of 78.3 percent and 53.8 percent in terms of friction coefficient. I6 can make the test button have a relatively negative wear extent on high velocity and low-load condition.3. The mechanism of antifriction of the copper nanoparticles was discussed in this article:①The copper nanoparticles were dispersed in the base oil by means of coating with the surface-activators instead of bare copper particles, and the "elastic microballoon sphere cells" were composed with copper nanoparticles as the center of sphere and surface-activators as the surface layer. The perfect antifriction and tribology characters were probably attributed to the elastic microballoon sphere cells which was prone to slip on high velocity and low-load condition as a result of the specific structure, while on low velocity and over-load condition, the load bearing and separate action of the copper nano- particles were main factors to the antiwear property.②The nano copper particles may be melted for the hyperthermia of the rubbing effect and adhered on the friction surface. It was possible that theadherence action of the nanoparticles made the resistance to abrasion.更多还原