【作者】 吴庆美；

【导师】 高宏；

【作者基本信息】 大连交通大学 ， 材料学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 本文用机械化学改性CaCO₃粉体表面，研究了其填充PVC的力学性能和物理性能。采用扫描电镜、能谱、X射线衍射和红外光谱等分析方法，探讨了机械化学改性碳酸钙的制备及影响因素。结果表明：碳酸钙含量少时，研磨后颗粒分散效果不好；随着碳酸钙含量的增加，分散均匀，达到95％时分散最好，此时由扫描电镜和能谱分析可发现两者发生包覆现象；当碳酸钙含量增大到100％时，颗粒发生团聚；从XRD分析可以看出，经机械化学研磨后物质由晶态向着非晶态转变；从红外光谱图可以看出，研磨后PVC与CaCO₃以很强的化学键结合在一起。通过不同研磨时间、不同配方的塑料填料进行机械化学改性后的一系列检测结果表明：改性后CaCO₃粉体与PVC的结合性和分散性明显优于未被改性的CaCO₃粉体；随着研磨时间的延长，复合粉体的分散性、结合性都显著降低；随着配方中CaCO₃含量的增加，两种材料的结合强度显著提高，并达到最优化。将改性后的CaCO₃以不同填料配方、不同成型配方与不同塑料基体的混合物料注塑成型的结果表明：当成型配方相同而填料配方不同时，其拉伸强度、冲击强度、弯曲强度等力学性能在CaCO₃含量为95％时达到最佳，密度、吸水率等物理性能在95％时也达到最佳；当填料配方相同而成型配方不同时，其拉伸强度、冲击强度、弯曲强度等力学性能在CaCO₃含量为20％时达到最佳，密度、吸水率等物理性能在20％时也达到最佳。更多还原

【Abstract】 Changes the surface of calcuim carbonate by mechanochemistry ,studies the mechanics and physics capabilities after it filled in PVC in the paper. The preparation and influence factors of PVC filled by calcium carbonate are analyzed by means of scanning electron microscope, energy spectrum, XRD and infrared spectrum analysis. The results indicate that when the component of calcium carbonate is few, the decentralization of grains after milling is bad; as the component of calcium carbonate increases, the decentralization is uniform, when it increases to 95%, the effect is the best, this time the two grains are wrapped together from EDS analysis; when the component of calcium carbonate increases to 100%, the grains reunite; according to the results of X-ray, calcium carbonate changes from crystal to noncrystal after milling; according to the results of IR spectra, calcium carbonate and PVC hang together with strong chemical bond.It indicates that the decentralization and combination of PVC and CaCO₃ wich is changed are better than no changed ones from the test results with different milling time and different component. As the milling time increases, the decentralization and combination of the composite powders reduce. As the content of CaCO₃ increases, the combination intensity of the two materials improves largely and has a best value.After molding among the plastic of different filling component, different molding component and different plastic, the results indicate that: when the filling component is different, the mechanics capabilities such as extention intensity, impact intensity and incurvation intensity are the best as the content of CaCO₃ is 95%, the physics capabilities such as density and drinking rate are also best of all; when the molding component is different, the mechanics capabilities such as extention intensity, impact intensity and incurvation intensity are the best as the content of CaCO₃ is 20%, the physics capabilities such as density and drinking rate are also best of all.更多还原