【作者】 郝建成；

【导师】 杨嘉祥；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨理工大学 ， 电机与电器， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 近年来,人们对环境保护越来越重视,SF6气体的使用和排放受到限制,从而使电器领域内SF6断路器的发展也受到限制。而真空断路器充分利用了真空优异的绝缘与熄弧特性,且对环境不造成污染,所以目前在中压领域已经占据了主导地位,而且不断向高电压、大容量方向发展。因此,未来高压真空断路器必然取代高压SF6断路器。真空灭弧室是真空断路器的“心脏”,所以,开发高压真空断路器最关键的是灭弧室的设计。本文对110kV的真空灭弧室的内部电磁场进行了仿真分析,为我国开发110kV真空断路器提供一定的参考。本文采用有限元软件对110kV真空断路器灭弧室内部静电场进行了仿真分析,得到了灭弧室内部各种屏蔽罩的大小、尺寸和位置对电场分布的影响;触头距离对灭弧室内部电场分布的影响;伞裙对灭弧室内部电场分布的影响。再根据等离子体和金属蒸气具有一定导电率的特点,从麦克斯韦基本方程出发,推导了灭弧室内部电场所满足的计算方程,然后用有限元法对二维电场进行了求解。考虑到弧后粒子消散过程中,电极和悬浮导体表面会有带电微粒的存在,又计算分析了带电微粒对真空灭弧室电场分布的影响,进而提出了使灭弧室内部电场更加均匀的措施。根据大电流真空电弧的物理模型,基于磁场对电流的作用力理论,计算分析了真空电弧自生磁场的收缩效应以及对分断电弧的影响,得到了弧柱中自生磁场产生的电磁压强分布,最后分析了外加纵向磁场分量对减小自生磁场收缩效应的作用。建立了110kV、1/2线圈以及1/3线圈纵向磁场触头三维电极模型,并利用有限元法进行了三维静磁场和涡流场仿真。得到了电流在峰值和过零时纵向磁场分别在触头片表面和触头间隙中心平面上的二维和三维分布,给出了这两种触头在电流过零时纵向磁场滞后时间沿径向路径和轴向路径的分布规律,最后还对这两种触头的性能进行了比较。更多还原

【Abstract】 Recently, people pay more attention to human living environment in the world, and SF6 is limited to be used and be let out, so the development of SF6 circuit breakers are restricted. On the contrary, excellent insulation and arc blowing out characteristics of vacuum are used sufficiently for vacuum circuit breakers(VCB) which do not make pollution of environment, so middle voltage vacuum circuit breakers have been highly developed, and VCB with high voltage and large capacity have become considerably interested in the world. It is predictable that high voltage VCB would certainly be replaced high voltage SF6 circuit breaks in the future.Because vacuum interrupter is the heart of vacuum circuit breakers, its design is the key to vacuum circuit breaker development. In this thesis, 110kV vacuum interrupter is simulated and analyzed on the electromagnetic field, and some references are supplied for the development of 110kV vacuum circuit breakers. The static electric field of 110kV vacuum circuit breakers is simulated and analyzed using finite element method, influences of size and position of various shields on the electric field distributions of inner interrupter are gotten, and influences of contact gap length and rain shed on the electric field distributions of inner interrupter are given also. Then according to specific conductivity of plasma and metal vapor, calculation equations are deduced for vacuum interrupter from Maxwell equations, and two-dimensional electric field is solved using finite element method. The effect of charged particle on the electric field distribution of inner interrupter is calculated and analyzed with the consideration of existential charged particle on the surface of contact and floating conductor during dissipating of particle in post-arc, furthermore the proposal is given to make the electric field distributions more uniformly.According to the physical model of high-current vacuum arc, contract effect of vacuum arc self-magnetic field and its influence to arc are analyzed based on the theory of magnetic field force applied to current, and electromagnetism pressure distribution generated by self-magnetic field of arc is given. At last,the action of additional-axial magnetic field to reduce self-magnetic field contract effect is analyzed.3-Dimentional electrode model of two segments coil and three segments coil axial magnetic field (AMF) contacts of 110kV vacuum interrupter are built up, and the 3-D static magnetic field and eddy current field in the case of arc discharge are simulated by the 3-D finite element method. The distributions of AMF on the surface of contact plate and mid-gap plane are gotten at current peak and zero respectively. Furthermore the distributions of the AMF phase shift time along the axial and radial path are given at current zero. At last, the parameters of these two contacts are compared.更多还原