【作者】 李进；

【导师】 黄学贤；

【作者基本信息】 苏州大学 ， 宪法与行政法， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 保障公民基本权利是法治国家义不容辞的职责,紧急状态下对公民基本权利的保障更能体现国家法治化的程度。近年来公共危机爆发频繁,紧急状态下如何对待公民的基本权利,成了一个迫在眉睫的课题。一方面为了消除危机,国家权力需要集中和扩大,需要对公民的基本权利进行克减;另一方面,紧急状态下公民的基本权利更需要得到国家保障。紧急状态期间消除危机、恢复社会的常态秩序,成为首要价值目标,因此必须对公民基本权利进行克减,但是应当严格坚持法治性原则。公民基本权利的克减最终是为了保障公民基本权利,克减是手段,保障是目的。本文共分五个部分:绪论部分叙述了近年来公共危机爆发频繁,政府为了应对危机,对公民的基本权利进行了不适当的限制甚至是侵犯,引出了本文中心议题——紧急状态下公民基本权利的克减与保障机制研究。正文第一部分:紧急状态法律体系的构成。首先论述了紧急状态的内涵及特征,笔者建议对紧急状态采取狭义化的界定,这是研究紧急状态法制思维的起点,然后在此基础上归纳出我国紧急状态法律体系的具体内容。正文第二部分:紧急状态下公民基本权利的现状。首先论述了公民基本权利的内涵,并且就公民基本权利、公民权利、人权等相关概念进行了辨析,然后在此基础上叙述了紧急状态下公民基本权利克减与保障的具体表现。正文第三部分:紧急状态下公民基本权利克减与保障的法理逻辑。分别论述了紧急状态下公民基本权利克减与保障的法理逻辑,然后论述了克减与保障的内在逻辑关系。正文第四部分:紧急状态下公民基本权利的克减与保障机制分析,首先分析了三大国际人权公约对公民基本权利克减与保障的具体规定,然后进行抽象概括,总结出了紧急状态下公民基本权利克减与保障的基本原则,最后在基本原则的指导下,完善我国紧急状态期间公民基本权利克减与保障的制度体系。更多还原

【Abstract】 To safeguard the fundamental rights of citizen is the inevitable duty of a law-ruled country. What’smore, it is a better embodiment of law-ruling of a country as well. In the past several years, the frequent occurrence of public crises has made the treatment of the fundamental rights of citizen an emergent issue for the government. On one hand, to eliminate the crises, the state power needs to be enhanced, while the citizen rights has to be restricted. On the other hand, the government, in the emergent state, must strengthen its protection of the fundamental rights of citizen. In this case, heelimination of crises and the rehabilitation should be the first choice for the government. Therefore, the restriction on the fundamental rights of citizen should be made. Such measures, however, should be taken firmly under legal procedures. Obviously, the restriction on the fundamental rights is to safeguard it in the end. That is to say, the restriction is the measure, and the safeguard is the aim.This article is divided into 5 parts. Part one, preamble examines that the government has improperly restricted or even infringed upon the fundamental rights of citizen recent years in order to eliminate the frequent occurrence of public crises. Thus, the topic of this article is given: The research on the restriction and safeguard system for the fundamental rights of citizen in the emergent state.Part two, the constitution of legal system in the emergent state, explores the concept and characters of emergent state in a narrowed way which is the starting-point of law-ruling thinking research on emergent state. And then details the legal system in the emergent state of our country.Part three, the present fundamental rights of citizen, discusses the concept of the fundamental rights of citizen, and makes the further elaboration of such related concepts as the fundamental rights of citizen, citizen rights, human rights etc. Based on the above mentioned, the author details the measures of restriction and safeguard system for the fundamental rights of citizen in the emergent state.Part four, the jurisprudence logic of restriction and safeguard system for the fundamental rights of citizen in the emergent state, discusses the jurisprudence logic of the restriction on the fundamental rights of citizen in the emergent state and that of safeguard of the fundamental rights of citizen in the emergent state respectively. And then the author explores the inner logic relation between restriction and safeguard.Part five, the analysis of the restriction and safeguard system for the fundamental rights of citizen in the emergent state, analyses the specific regulations of the three major international convention of human rights, and then reaches the conclusion of the fundamental principles of the restriction and safeguard system for the fundamental rights of citizen in the emergent state. In the final analysis, the author holds the opinion that the construction of the restriction and safeguard system for the fundamental rights of citizen in the emergent state should be improved with the guidance of such fundamental principles.更多还原