【作者】 陈晨；

【导师】 黄锡生；

【作者基本信息】 重庆大学 ， 环境与资源保护法学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 医疗废物作为国家危险废物名录中的第一类,是具有严重危害性、污染性的的危险废物。自2003年非典疫情后,医疗废物的处置成为迫在眉睫的任务。我国于2003年6月紧急出台了《医疗废物管理条例》,但还存在很多不足之处需要完善。伴随着环境污染防治科学技术的迅猛发展,医疗废物的回收利用成为可能。医疗废物回收利用揭示了当今可持续发展的新趋势,强调环境保护本质上与经济活动是一个协调统一体,指出人类经济活动应遵从客观自然生态规律,阐述了环境与经济的相互关系及其深刻内涵。因此,借鉴国外医疗废物回收利用立法的先进经验,结合我国的具体情况,迅速建立和完善我国的医疗废物回收利用法律、法规体系,有效地防治对环境的污染,并且促进医疗废物的循环利用,节约资源,具有十分重要意义。本文研究通过从医疗废物的概念、特点及分类以及我国医疗废物的回收、利用现状入手,首先讨论了目前我国医疗废物回收利用法律规制的现状和存在的问题,指出了完善我国医疗废物回收利用立法的必要性和可行性。接着介绍了国外医疗废物回收利用的立法状况,并概括出了可供我国借鉴和参考的经验,包括:循环经济已经成为发达国家医疗废物管理立法的指导思想;建立全过程管理制度以及建立适合的回收利用收费机制。然后作者结合我国环境污染控制立法理念的变革以可持续发展理论、循环经济理论作为构建我国医疗废物回收利用法律制度构建的指导思想展开讨论,由此,作者归纳出我国医疗废物回收利用法律制度建构应遵循的基本原则:即3R原则,平等协作原则,公众参与原则,鼓励技术创新原则,信息公开和适当监管相结合等原则。最后在借鉴国外先进经验的基础上,结合我国的具体情况,重点构建了全过程管理制度、强制回收制度、分类回收制度、排污收费制度、经济刺激制度等几种管理制度,以期为我国医疗废物管理立法的完善提供一些有价值的研究成果。更多还原

【Abstract】 Medical waste is one of the hazardous waste that have serious harmfulness and pollution. Since the breaking out of SARS in 2003 , medical waste’s management is becoming one of the focuses of the society. Our country issued "the medical waste management rule " promptly in June of 2003, but the rule exist so many problem that need to be complete. Now, it is possible to take-back and handle the medical waste with the development of the science and technology of environmental prevention and controlling of pollution. The medical waste’s take-back and handling announce the new trend of sustainable development, emphasize environmental protection is that one coordinates entities with the economic activity in essence, point out that human economic activity should observe the nature rule, explained the relationship between environment with economic. So, it has very important meanings to set up and improve the system of medical waste laws and regulations of our country rapidly on the base of using the advanced experience that the foreign medical waste legislate for reference and combine the detailed conditions of our country. It will help to prevent and cure the pollution of medical wastes to the environment effectively and promote the circling utilizing of the medical waste and save resources.This thesis began from introducing the concept, characteristic and classification of medical wastes, the current situation of pollution and recovering and handling of medical wastes in our country. Then, the thesis pointed out the question existing in the management system of medical waste in our country at present. After that, the thesis introduced the foreign legislative state of medical waste, included: the recycling economy theory、through-course management and polluter pays system. Combined with the reform of the Chinese legislative principles for environmental pollution control, the author discussing the establishment of medical waste recycling legal system on the basis of sustainable development strategy and recycling economy theory. As a result ,the author sum up the setting up of the medical waste take-back and handling legal system should complying with the following principles: the 3R principle, equal cooperation principle,public participation principle, technology innovation promotion principle,the principle of combining publication of information and proper supervision. The concrete legal system consists the through-course management syetem sorting take-back system, centralized treatment system, polluter pays system, economic stimulating system, technology innovation principle .The main aim of the thesis is the hope of offering some valuable research results for our country’s medical waste management legislates.更多还原